摘要
叶绿体是植物进行光合作用,参与多个代谢途径和免疫反应的重要场所。叶绿体基因组非常小,只有100多个基因,但对植物生长发育具有重要意义。本文首先总结了叶绿体的起源、结构与功能及叶绿体基因组研究的最新进展。其次,梳理了同源重组、碱基编辑两种叶绿体基因编辑技术,重点介绍了碱基编辑技术中的胞嘧啶碱基编辑器和腺嘌呤碱基编辑器,认为相较于传统的同源重组技术,碱基编辑技术可以针对特定靶位点进行定向修饰,单次选择就能获得同质转化植株,且可以不用保留外源DNA片段,实现了非转基因的基因编辑。最后展望了叶绿体基因编辑技术的广阔发展前景,以期促进精准高效的叶绿体基因编辑工具开发,为研究叶绿体基因功能以及加速对叶绿体的合理利用开辟新思路。
Chloroplasts,essential organelles within plant cells,play a crucial role in photosynthesis,metabolic pathways,and immune responses.Despite their limited coding capacity of approximately 100 genes,the chloroplast genome is indispensable for plant growth and development.This review delves into chloroplasts,their origin,structure,and function,as well as chloroplast genome studies.The review focuses on two main chloroplast gene editing technologies:Homologous recombination and base editing.particular emphasis is placed on recent advancements in cytosine and adenine base editors employed for chloroplast base editing.Compared to the traditional homologous recombination technique,base editing offers several advantages.It facilitates targeted modification at specific target sites,leading to the generation of homogeneous transgenic plants in a single selection cycle.Notably,base editing achieves nontransgenic gene editing by eliminating the incorporation of exogenous DNA fragments.Finally,we aim to provide valuable insights into chloroplast gene editing technology to promote the development of precise and efficient chloroplast gene editing tools,enhance our understanding of chloroplast gene function,and accelerate the rational use of chloroplasts.
作者
原明星
尹康权
李俄仁措
尚海忠
杜芳
YUAN Mingxing;YIN Kangquan;Lierencuo;SHANG Haizhong;DU Fang(School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;School of Grassland Science,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Qinghai Sanjiang Group Co.,Ltd,Xining 810100,China;Beijing Shangfangshan National Forest Park,Beijing 102423,China)
出处
《中国草地学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第6期126-134,共9页
Chinese Journal of Grassland
基金
牧草与特色作物生物学教育部重点实验室开放课题资助(FECBOF202100)
草种业核心技术攻关项目(SJCZFY2022-1,SJCZFY2022-3)
内蒙古自治区种业揭榜挂帅项目(2022JBGS0020)。
关键词
叶绿体
叶绿体基因组
基因编辑
同源重组
碱基编辑
Chloroplast
Chloroplast genome
Gene editing
Homologous recombination
Base editing
