摘要
尽管节肢动物类(主要指昆虫纲和蛛形纲)病媒和害虫的综合治理取得了较大进展,但其对公共卫生及人类健康仍造成巨大威胁,且这种情形随着全球化、城市化和常规杀虫剂滥用以及抗药性的发展变得更加严峻。有机氯类、有机磷类、氨基甲酸酯类和拟除虫菊酯类常规杀虫剂在历史上对保护人类和动物免于病媒生物和其他城市害虫的侵害起着重要作用,但这些杀虫剂对环境和非靶标生物的不良影响在全球范围内也越来越受到关注。20世纪70年代以来,随着对节肢动物生物学的深入了解,基于昆虫生长调节剂的软性杀虫剂的研发受到了极大的重视。传统杀虫剂因具有易获得和见效快等优点已被使用者和公众广泛接受,软性杀虫剂的研发经历曲折。然而,基于昆虫激素类似物、模拟物或者激动剂以及几丁质合成抑制剂的软性杀虫剂在很多方面也取得了长足的进展。软性杀虫剂中发展和使用最成功的案例是保幼激素类似物(比如烯虫酯、烯虫乙酯和烯虫炔酯),已经应用于多种病媒生物和环境害虫的治理。最近,S-烯虫酸叔丁酯的诞生又带来了新的成功机遇。保幼激素模拟物吡丙醚和苯氧威因在病媒生物和其他害虫治理中具有显著的应用价值也得到了较好的研究和开发。保幼肽因其生物活性和作为多肽可以预期的环境安全性,近年来再次引起人们的关注。相比保幼激素类似物,蜕皮激素受体激动剂对靶标生物具有更宽的敏感窗口期,研发潜力巨大。几丁质合成抑制剂因其作用方式独特和杀虫谱广而备受重视。总之,不管软性杀虫剂单独使用,还是与传统杀虫剂联合使用,在不久的未来都将在病媒生物及其他城市害虫的治理方面发挥重要作用。
Arthropod disease vectors and pests,referring primarily to insects and arachnids,continue to pose a significant threat to public health and human well-being despite advancements in integrated management tactics.This situation has been intensified by globalization,urbanization,and indiscriminate uses of pesticide as well as resistance development.Although conventional pesticides based on organochlorines,organophosphates,carbamates and pyrethroids have historically played crucial role in protection of humans and animals from the diseases and nuisance by arthropod vectors and pests,their adverse impacts on the environmental and non-targets have been increasingly concerned worldwide.Ever since the 1970s,soft pesticides based on insect growth regulators(IGRs)have drawn a lot of attention for research and development upon progressive understanding of life events in arthropods.However,this research and development process experienced ebb and flow largely due to the availability and immediate action of conventional pesticides,which was positively perceived by operators and the public.Nevertheless,soft pesticides with origins of analogs,mimics or agonists of insect hormones and chitin synthesis inhibitors have achieved some noticeable successes in many aspects.The most successful development and application of soft pesticides are juvenile hormone(JH)analogs(JHAs)such as methoprene,hydroprene and kinoprene,which have been used in controlling a wide range of vectors and pests of environmental importance.The newly innovated S-methobutene has opened another window of success.Juvenile hormone mimics(JHMs)namely pyriproxyfen and fenoxycarb,have also been fairly well studied and developed with noticeable operational uses in vector and pest management.Interest in developing peptidic juvenoids(PJs)has been renewed recently due to their JH bioactivity and expected benign environmental profile as peptides.Great potential has been indicated in molting hormone agonists(MHAs)which possess much broader susceptibility window time than JH
作者
苏天运
刘洪霞
SU Tianyun;LIU Hongxia(EcoZone International LLC,7237 Boice Ln.,Riverside,CA 92506,USA;School of Public Health,Shandong University,Jinan,Shandong 250012,China;Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200336,China)
出处
《中华卫生杀虫药械》
CAS
2024年第3期197-207,共11页
Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides and Equipments
基金
上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023—2025年)重点学科项目(GWⅥ-11.1-13)
上海市卫生健康委员会卫生行业临床研究专项(202240331)。
