摘要
为进一步深入研究静电纺丝技术及纳米纤维结构设计,达到实现纤维纳米尺度的导向性结构控制,有效提高纳米纤维的比表面积、力学性能及形貌均一有序性的目标。简要介绍了静电纺丝技术在纺丝效率不断提高的同时逐渐发展出同轴共纺、偏轴共纺、并轴共纺、共轭电纺等纺丝方法,综述了基于实心纳米纤维、多孔纳米纤维、中空纳米纤维、纳米电缆及Janus纳米纤维等不同纳米纤维的结构特点、制备方法及纺丝机制,分析了静电纺丝技术在不同结构纳米纤维的制备方法、形成机制及结构调控等方面的研究进展及成果,并进一步表明静电纺丝技术在实现纳米尺度导向性结构控制方面具有广泛的应用潜力。认为纤维从简单的光滑细丝状逐渐向形貌多样化、结构多级化发展,应用领域从单一功能向多功能及多功能协调领域发展。
Significance With the rapid development of nanotechnology,the application of nanofiber materials in the fields of energy storage,catalytic filtration,biomedicine,food engineering and sensors has always attracted the attention of researchers because of its good continuity,high specific surface area and large aspect ratio.However,an effective preparation method has always constrained the development of nanofibers.Electrospinning technology,as the only method that can directly and continuously prepare nanofibers,has had a profound impact in the field of nanofiber material preparation since its birth and patent application in 1934,because of its simple device,convenient operation,low cost and other advantages.Electrospinning technology is a technology that uses polymer as a template to prepare ultrafine fibers with adjustable structure and diameters ranging from nanometer to micrometer under the combined action of high voltage electric field and Taylor cone.Because the nanofibers prepared by this technology have the advantages of large specific surface area,easy structure control and easy functionalization,it has wide application potential in the field of nano-functional materials.Progress In recent years,the research work of electrospinning technology has mainly focused on the process optimization,mechanism discussion,functional modification and structural multi-level of nanofibers.With the rapid development of electrospinning technology,the spinning liquid system that can be spun has gradually expanded from polymer to biological macromolecules,inorganic substances and organic/inorganic composites.According to different fiber structures,spinning liquid system and spinning mechanisms,the electrospinning technology has been developed from the classical electrospinning to the coaxial electrospinning,parallel electrospinning,conjugated electrospinning,off-axisl electrospinning,and single-axis electrospinning by improving the spinning device,adjusting the spinning parameters and combining the post-processing methods.With
作者
刘思彤
金丹
孙东明
李懿轩
王艳慧
王静
王原
LIU Sitong;JIN Dan;SUN Dongming;LI Yixuan;WANG Yanhui;WANG Jing;WANG Yuan(Sinosteel Anshan Research Institute of Thermo-Energy Co.,Ltd.,Anshan,Liaoning 114044,China)
出处
《纺织学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第6期201-209,共9页
Journal of Textile Research
基金
辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(XLYC2008003)。
关键词
静电纺丝
纳米纤维
纤维结构
多功能
静电纺丝装置
electrospinning
nanofiber
fiber structure
multi-function
electrospinning device
