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民国时期云南思普沿边荒地开发与生态制约

Wasteland Reclamation and Ecological Restrictions in the Sipu Border Region of Yunnan Province During the Period of the Republic of China
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摘要 云南思普沿边地区是中国西南边防要地,资源富饶.近代以来,英法侵略势力就垂涎中国西南边疆,不断加紧渗透.民国初年平定思普动乱后,云南省政府强化了对思普边区的治理力度,国民政府也极为重视思普沿边的开发.然而,长期以来思普沿边被认为是"烟瘴之地",瘴疠是制约当地开发的关键障碍.虽然思普沿边地区有大片荒地,是农业垦殖意义上的"处女地",但是受医疗和环境改造能力的限制,民国时期对思普沿边的环境改良先后寄托在当时被认为具有驱散瘴毒作用的桉树引种和可制抗疟药物的金鸡纳树种植上,这一努力未能收到实质性效果.全面抗战爆发后,国民政府期望通过迁移难民和南洋华侨垦殖思普沿边的荒地,但效果并不明显,甚至出现移民"移而不增"的现象.思普沿边荒地开发是一项综合性系统工程,不仅是农业规划与人口移民问题,还关涉当地生态环境调整与人类社会系统调适.对思普沿边荒地开发的环境史研究,是构建近代中国西南边疆治理体系的重要内容. The Sipu border area in Yunnan Province stands as a strategic frontier zone in southwest China,blessed with abundant resources.Since the modern era,British and French colonialists coveted this region and made persistent efforts to infiltrate into this area.Following the suppression of the rebellion in Sipu during the early days of the Republic of China,the Yunnan provincial government diligently addressed governance issues in the region,especially as the Nationalist Government prioritized the development of the Sipu border area.However,Sipu has long been plagued by malaria,earning a historical reputation as"inhospitable."Consequently,much of the arable land in Sipu remained uncultivated before the modern era due to a lack of medical knowledge and limited capacity to shape the environment.With the founding of the Republic of China,the local government initially promoted the planting of eucalyptus trees,believed to be resistant to miasma.As medical science advanced and understanding of miasma improved,the cinchona tree,which could be used to produce antimalarial drugs,offered new hope for adapting to the local environment.Unfortunately,this endeavor faltered due to factors such as the long growth cycle of the cinchona tree.With the outbreak of the All-out Resistance War against Japanese Aggression,the Nationalist Government envisioned resettling war refugees and Chinese nationals returning from overseas in the Sipu border area,but encountered difficulties.In some cases,prospective settlers declined resettlement.Reclaiming the wasteland in the Sipu border area demands a comprehensive approach,encompassing agricultural planning,population resettlement,and adaptations to the local ecological environment and society.Examining the efforts to reclaim wasteland in the Sipu border area through the lens of environmental history can lluminate the evolution of the governance system in southwest China since the modern era.
作者 耿金 Geng Jin
出处 《近代史研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2024年第3期53-68,M0004,共17页 Modern Chinese History Studies
基金 国家社会科学基金青年项目“17-20世纪云南水田演变与生态景观变迁研究”(18CZS066)的阶段性成果。
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