摘要
为了对烟田杂草防治提供参考依据,对云南省烟田杂草的种类、分布、数量和生长条件等方面进行详细的调查和研究.采用重复样方的方法,对云南省8个市(州)28个县(市)的93个烟田样方进行了杂草种群调查,撰写了云南省烟田杂草名录,并进行了多样性分析、聚类分析和入侵分析.结果显示,28个县(市)的93个烟田中,共有杂草33科79属102种,以菊科、禾本科、蓼科杂草种类居多.其中菊科杂草23种,占比22.55%;禾本科杂草15种,占比14.71%;蓼科杂草9种,占比8.83%.总体来看,粗毛牛膝菊为烟田的优势杂草,马唐、牛膝菊、硬枝野荞麦、尼泊尔蓼为相对优势杂草,它们的数量相对较多,对烟田的危害较为明显.各地烟田杂草群落结构与组成各有不同,以各市(州)烟田杂草的相对多度构成矩阵进行系统聚类分析可以划分为4个类群,Ⅰ类群包括大理、丽江和曲靖,Ⅱ类群包括楚雄和玉溪,Ⅲ类群包括红河和昆明,Ⅳ类群为昭通.对比每个市(州)的物种多样性发现,玉溪、红河的物种多样性指数较高.外来入侵杂草共有12科22属26种,占杂草总数的25.49%.其中菊科共有12种,占总入侵杂草的46.16%,是分布种类最多的科.菊科入侵植物中的粗毛牛膝菊(AR52.09)、牛膝菊(AR29.98)等外来入侵杂草均是云南省烟田中相对多度较高的杂草种类.综上,云南省烟草田杂草群落多样性指数较高,但各个群落存在一定的差异性.研究结果为深入了解烟草田杂草群落对生态环境和烟草生产的影响提供了重要数据和材料.
In order to provide reference for weed control in tobacco fields,the species,distribution,quantity and growth conditions of weeds in Yunnan tobacco field were investigated and studied in detail.The weed populations of 93 tobacco fields from 28 counties(districts)in 8 cities(prefectures)of Yunnan Province were investigated by using the method of repeat plots in the tobacco fields.The weed list of Yunnan tobacco fields was compiled,and the diversity analysis,cluster analysis and invasion analysis were carried out.The results showed that in 93 tobacco fields from 28 counties(cities)of Yunnan Province,there were 102 species of weeds in 33 families,79 genera,and most of them were Asteraceae,Poaceae and Polygonaceae.There were 23 species of weeds in the family Asteraceae,representing 22.55%of the species.A total of 15 species of grasses and weeds,representing 14.71%of the Poaceae,were present.There were 9 species of weeds in Polygonaceae,accounting for 8.83%.Overall,Galinsoga quadriradiata is the dominant weed in the tobacco field,and Digitaria sanguinalis,Galinsoga parviflora,Fagopyrum urophyllum and Persicaria nepalensis being the relative dominant weeds.Their numbers are relatively large,and their harm to tobacco field is more obvious.The structure and composition of the weed communities in the tobacco fields varies from place to place.The weed community from the eight cities(prefectures)were divided into four clusters in terms of the weed relative abundance composition.TheⅠcluster included Dali,Lijiang and Qujing,theⅡcluster incorporated Chuxiong and Yuxi,theⅢcluster included Honghe and Kunming,and finally,theⅣcluster was Zhaotong.Comparing the species diversity of each cities(prefectures),it was found that Yuxi and Honghe had higher species diversity index.There were 26 species of invasive plants in 12 families,22 genera,accounting for 25.49%of the total number of weeds.Of these,12 species of Asteraceae,representing 46.16%of the total invasive weeds,and the most widely distributed family.Among the invasive
作者
程文磊
殷根深
吴甜
曹振亮
贾博轩
滕澎辉
钟宇
任禛
王艳红
夏体渊
CHENG Wenlei;YIN Genshen;WU Tian;CAO Zhenliang;JIA Boxuan;TENG Penghui;ZHONG Yu;REN Zhen;WANG Yanhong;XIA Tiyuan(School of Agronomy and Life Sciences,Kunming University,Kunming,Yunnan,China 650214)
出处
《昆明学院学报》
2024年第3期31-44,共14页
Journal of Kunming University
基金
云南省基础研究专项重大项目(202101BC070002)
云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2022Y698)。
关键词
云南省
烟田
杂草群落
杂草多样性
Yunnan province
tobacco field
weed community
weed diversity
