摘要
富氧双侧吹铜熔池熔炼炉上升烟道烟尘结渣严重,阻塞烟道,是制约熔炼炉长周期高负荷高作业率生产的关键因素。分别利用X射线荧光光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和电子探针显微分析仪,研究富氧双侧吹铜熔池熔炼炉上升烟道结渣烟尘的化学成分、物相组成及微观形貌。结果表明,上升烟道烟尘的主要元素为Fe、Cu、Pb、Zn和O,主要物相是(Cu, Zn, Fe)Fe_(2)O_(4)和Fe_(3)O_(4),表面微观形貌呈致密无孔洞。结合生产过程工况条件,对烟道结渣原因进行分析,认为富氧双侧吹铜熔池熔炼炉生产过程中,富氧空气通过喷嘴鼓入炉内,强烈搅动熔体,熔体中的气泡破裂逸出,喷溅形成的小颗粒熔渣与冰铜被热气流带入上升烟道,熔渣与冰铜被氧化为高熔点的(Cu, Zn, Fe)Fe_(2)O_(4)和Fe_(3)O_(4),在烟道壁面遇冷凝结形成结渣;同时,熔炼炉负压运行,入炉原料水分低,铜精矿等未反应的粉料被烟气带入到上升烟道高温段,在氧化气氛下反应生成黏结结渣;此外,原料中Pb、Zn、As等易挥发性物质进入烟道,被氧化为低熔点化合物后与高熔点的(Cu, Zn, Fe)Fe_(2)O_(4)和Fe_(3)O_(4)黏结在一起,形成致密的结渣烟尘。因此,在冶炼生产中,建议通过控制入炉原料水分和杂质含量,减少粉料入炉;控制渣型和熔炼温度,减少熔体喷溅;使用喷嘴燃烧重油,烧熔结渣烟尘,保证生产正常稳定运行。
The buildup of soot slag in the rising flue of an oxygen-enriched double-side-blowing copper bath smelting furnace poses a significant challenge,blocking the flue,which is a key factor restricting the production of high load and high operation rate of the smelting furnace for an extended period.The chemical composition,phase composition,and microscopic morphology of the rising flue slagging soot of the oxygen-rich double-side-blowing copperbath smelting furnace were investigated through X-ray fluorescence spectrometer,X-ray diffractometer,scanning electron microscope and electron probe microanalyzer.The results show that the main elements of the flue dust are Fe,Cu,Pb,Zn and O,and the main phases are(Cu,Zn,Fe)Fe_(2)O_(4) and Fe_(3)O_(4),exhibiting a dense,poreless surface microscopic morphology.Considering the working conditions of the production process,the causes of rising flue slagging were analyzed.During the production process of the oxygen-enriched double-sided-blowing copperbath smelting furnace,the oxygen-enriched air was drummed into the melting bath through the nozzle,and the melt was vigorously stirred.The resultant air bubbles in the melt rupture and lead to the formation and spattering of small slag and copper matte particles in hot airflow into the rising flue.The slag and copper matte are then oxidized to a high melting point(Cu,Zn,Fe)Fe_(2)O_(4) and Fe_(3)O_(4),in the wall of the flue in the cold condensation to form flue slag.At the same time,considering the low moisture content of raw materials,while the smelting furnace operates at negative pressure,the un-reacted copper concentrate or other raw material powders were transferred to the high-temperature section of the rising flue by the flue gas.These materials could generate bonded slag due to oxidation.In addition,volatile substances in raw materials,such as Pb,Zn and As,in the rising flue could be oxidized into low melting point compounds and then bonded with high melting point(Cu,Zn,Fe)Fe_(2)O_(4) and Fe_(3)O_(4) to form dense slag soot.Ther
作者
张敏
匡彪
李东波
胡建杭
杨贵
杨鹏
ZHANG Min;KUANG Biao;LI Dongbo;HU Jianhang;YANG Gui;YANG Peng(Engineering Research Center of Metallurgical Energy Conversion and Emission Reduction,Ministry of Education,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;Southwest Copper Branch,Yunnan Copper Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650102,China)
出处
《矿冶》
CAS
2024年第3期438-447,共10页
Mining And Metallurgy
基金
云南省重大科技专项计划项目(20232AB080017)。
关键词
铜冶炼
烟道结渣
烟尘
工艺矿物学
富氧
双侧吹
熔池熔炼
copper smelting
flue slag
soot
process mineralogy
oxygen-enriched
double-side-blowing
bath melting
