摘要
从传统向现代转型的中国式现代化语境下,中国社区历史脉络与现代社区演化路径的纵贯研究较为缺乏,作为新时代城乡社区建设行动指南的完整社区亦尚未建立适切的理论框架。为了更系统地剖析从古至今中国社区发展的历史和特点,基于文献研究与规划实践解读,构建一个理解中国社区演进的综合框架:从国家与社会视角分析古今社区的重要模式演变,从制度与生活视角解析建国以来社区的发展转型,从行为与空间视角剖析近年来社区的规划治理实践。鉴于此,文章进一步提出基于“制度—行为—空间”三位一体的完整社区理论分析框架。研究认为,唐宋之际从里坊制到街巷制,表征为传统基层社会从国家中的社会转向社会中的国家;改革开放以来从单位制到社区制,意味着现代社区从国家全能管控转向社会有限自组织;现代社区从单位大院、居住小区到完整社区的转变,表明社区发展的底层逻辑从制度支配生活转向生活倒逼制度生活化。最后,指出完整社区应是公共服务均等、居民生活满意、治理制度良善三个维度高质均衡的城市社会单元,作为中国式现代化社区的一种理想图景,希冀对未来社区的理论建构与规划实践有所助益与启发。
In the context of China’s modernization,the integrated community stands as a strategic guide for urban and rural community governance.Despite nationwide execution of pilot projects,an appropriate theoretical framework to steer the practice of integrated communities is yet to be established.Existing studies typically focus on historical fragments of China’s community development or a modern local timeframe,discussing patterns and characteristics from a singular perspective.However,there seems to be a scarcity of research on community pattern evolution from a macroscopic or longitudinal standpoint.Moreover,modern community planning practice often encapsulates the experiences of a particular city or project,with insufficient theoretical analysis of the overall classification.The exploration of future communities and healthy living circles primarily targets imagined living scenarios,with theoretical research being notably absent.Clearly,understanding the historical characteristics and current pain points of communities is vital for their future development.This paper constructs a comprehensive framework to systematically and coherently analyze the history and characteristics of Chinese community development from ancient times to the present.The analysis is threefold:firstly,it examines the evolution of two significant models of ancient and modern communities from a“state and society”perspective;secondly,it investigates the transformation of modern community development since the inception of the PRC from an“institution and life”standpoint;and thirdly,it scrutinizes recent community planning and governance practices from a“behavior and space”viewpoint.From a“state and society”perspective,the shift from Lifang to Jiexiang is characterized by the transformation of grassroots social organizations from being society within the state to the state within society.The transition from the Danwei to the community system signifies the transformation of the community from omnipotent national control to limited
作者
韩帅
袁奇峰
李如如
王彦开
HAN Shuai;YUAN Qifeng;LI Ruru;WANG Yankai
出处
《西部人居环境学刊》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第3期74-83,共10页
Journal of Human Settlements in West China
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&ZD175)。
关键词
中国社区
国家与社会
制度与生活
行为与空间
完整社区
Chinese community
state and society
institution and life
behavior and space
integrated community
