摘要
隔膜作为锂电池的重要结构组成部分,起阻隔正负极接触、吸收并固定电解液、传递离子等关键作用。锂电池用商用隔膜面临高温热收缩等问题,影响电池的持久安全性。本文首先简要介绍了锂离子电池隔膜在孔隙结构、电解液润湿性、结构/热/化学/电化学稳定性以及隔膜-电解液相互作用等方面的要求,并通过对近期相关文献的探讨,重点综述了耐高温聚合物隔膜的研究进展;重点分析了高耐热聚合物基隔膜、阻燃添加剂涂敷隔膜和聚合物基底复合等策略对于阻燃多功能复合隔膜的改善机制;对于复合隔膜的锂枝晶抑制策略,主要介绍了物理阻隔锂枝晶生长、均匀化锂沉积和调控锂离子迁移通量三种方法。综合分析表明,通过减薄聚烯烃隔膜同时引入高性能薄涂层、掺杂固态电解质、开发高耐热聚合物基底隔膜等策略,有望在实现高安全性的同时获得高离子电导率。
The separator is a crucial structural component of lithium-ion batteries,responsible for preventing direct contact between the positive and negative electrodes,absorbing and immobilizing electrolyte,and facilitating ion transfer.Commercial separators are currently challenged by issues such as thermal shrinkage at high temperatures,which compromises the long-term safety of the battery.This paper begins with an overview of the requirements for lithium-ion battery separators,including pore structure,electrolyte wettability,and stabilitystructural,thermal,chemical,and electrochemical-as well as separator-electrolyte interactions.It then reviews recent literature on high-temperature-resistant polymer separators,highlighting research advancements.The focus is on the analysis of strategies for high-heat-resistant polymer-based separators,flame-retardant additive-coated separators,and polymer-substrate composites.The paper discusses the mechanism behind the enhancements provided by flame-retardant multifunctional composite separators and explores strategies for inhibiting lithium dendrite formation through physical barriers,lithium deposition homogenization,and modulation of lithium-ion migration fluxes.Comprehensive analysis indicates that reducing the thickness of polyolefin separators,while integrating highperformance thin coatings,doping with solid electrolytes,and developing high-heat-resistant polymer-based separators,can achieve high ionic conductivity and ensure enhanced safety.
作者
钟国彬
姚鑫
刘永超
侯倩
项宏发
ZHONG Guobin;YAO Xin;LIU Yongchao;HOU Qian;XIANG Hongfa(China Southern Power Grid Technology Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510080,Guangdong,China;College of Materials Science and Engineering,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 214000,Anhui,China)
出处
《储能科学与技术》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第6期1794-1806,共13页
Energy Storage Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52072105)。
关键词
锂离子电池
高安全性
复合隔膜
lithium-ion battery
high safety
composite separators
