摘要
为解决传统机械式蔬菜排种器无法实现精量播种及存在伤种的问题,设计了一种红萝卜侧面悬置排种勺式精量排种器。采用排种盘侧面悬置的排种勺完成种子的充种、清种、投种,实现了非接触式作业过程,理论分析了种子进入及脱离种勺的运动过程,并阐明其不伤种的基本原理,确定了排种盘、排种勺以及排种管的基本结构参数,采用EDEM离散元仿真软件模拟了不同排种勺结构尺寸下的工作过程,以排种勺型孔直径、深度及放样曲面圆角比为试验因素,以单粒率、多粒率、空粒率为试验指标,采用三因素五水平二次通用旋转组合设计进行仿真试验,确定排种勺最优结构参数为:型孔直径5 mm,深度4.3 mm,放样曲面圆角比0.12,基于此参数进行离散元仿真试验,通过自制排种器试验台进行台架试验以及将排种器安装到播种机上进行田间试验,仿真试验结果为单粒率93%、多粒率4%、空粒率3%,台架试验结果为合格指数平均值92.2%、重播指数平均值4.6%、漏播指数平均值3.2%,相对误差分别为0.86%、15%、6.67%,田间试验结果为:合格指数90.5%、重播指数6.9%、漏播指数2.6%,证明此排种器精量播种性能良好。同时与毛刷窝眼轮式排种器进行损伤率对比试验,损伤率分别为0.43%、1.27%,相对误差为66.14%,表明种子损伤明显降低。
In order to solve the traditional mechanical vegetable seeder can not realize the problem of precision sowing and the existence of injured seeds,a radish spoon type precision seed discharger was designed.Seed filling,seed cleaning and seed feeding were accomplished by using a seed scoop suspended from the side of the seed tray,realizing a non-touch operation process.The movement of seeds into and out of the seed scoop was analyzed theoretically,and to clarify the rationale for its non-injurious nature,the basic structural parameters of seed disks,seed scoops and seed tubes were determined,EDEM discrete element simulation software was used to simulate the working process under different structural dimensions of the seed-rowing spoon.The test factors were the diameter and depth of the hole in the seeding spoon and the rounding ratio of the release surface,single grain rate,multiple grain rate and empty grain rate were used as test indicators.Simulation experiments were conducted by using a 3-factor,5-level secondary general rotary combination design,the optimal structure parameters of the seed discharge spoon for the hole diameter of 5 mm,the depth of 4.3 mm,the release surface fillet ratio of 0.12 were determined.Based on discrete element simulation of this parameter,bench testing was done via a homemade seed dispenser test bed and attachment of seed displacer to planter for field trials.The results of the simulation test were as follows:single grain rate was 93%,multiple grain rate was 4%,empty grain rate was 3%.The results of the bench test were as follows:the mean value of the pass index was 92.2%,the mean value of the reseeding index was 4.6% and the mean value of the leakage index was 3.2%,the relative errors were 0.86%,15% and 6.67%,respectively.The results of the field trial were as follows:the mean value of the pass index was 90.5%,the mean value of the reseeding index was 6.9% and the mean value of the leakage index was 2.6%,which demonstrated good performance of precision seeding with this seed dispenser
作者
顿国强
郭娜
纪欣鑫
李鑫
王雷
DUN Guoqiang;GUO Na;JI Xinxin;LI Xin;WANG Lei(Intelligent Agricultural Machinery Equipment Engineering Laboratory,Harbin Cambridge University,Harbin 150069,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第5期77-86,97,共11页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
哈尔滨剑桥学院重点科研应用研究项目(JQZKY2022021)。
关键词
红萝卜
排种器
侧面悬置排种勺
离散元仿真
精量排种
radish
sowing planter
side-hung seed discharge scoops
discrete element simulation
precision planting
