摘要
为解决中国大量林下土地常年撂荒、杂草丛生、病虫害严重、林果质量逐年下降的难题。本研究旨在通过开发耐荫性谷子种植资源,提高林下土地利用率及林下经济效益。研究以具有良好综合性状和潜在利用价值的谷子种质资源为材料,通过专项试验筛选出耐荫种质资源,进一步利用这些亲本材料,创制出7份耐荫不育系,4份耐荫恢复系;8个耐荫谷子杂交种。这些杂交种表现出良好的生长性能,能够在树木遮荫的环境中茁壮成长。为了深入了解耐荫谷子杂交种的生理机制,我们测定了叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量及比值、根轮数等。研究结果显示,耐荫谷子杂交种具有较高的叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量(分别在2.11~2.35 mg/gFW和0.65~0.76 mg/gFW之间),较低的叶绿素a/叶绿素b比值(3.09~3.25),以及较多的根轮数(≥5)。这些生理特征有助于植物在低光环境下更有效地捕获光能、吸收营养,并增强对病虫害的抵抗力。本研究的成果不仅促进了耐荫谷子杂交种的育成,而且为林下经济提供了实践应用模式。建立了“谷子/板栗”、“谷子/核桃”、“谷子/山楂”和“谷子/中低密度生态林”4种立体套种模式,这些模式有助于提升林地的综合效益和生态价值。因此,该研究对于改善林下土地利用、促进农业多样性和生态可持续性具有重要的实践意义。
To solve the problems of long-term abandonment of a large amount of understory land in China,overgrowth of weeds,serious pests and diseases,and forest fruit quality declining year by year,the foxtail millet germplasm resources which have good comprehensive traits and certain utilization value were used as experimental materials in this study.Through specialized experiments,the germplasm resources with certain shade tolerance traits were identified and screened,the shade-tolerant parent materials were created,and the shade-tolerant foxtail millet hybrids were then created to meet the needs of stereo interplanting of foxtail millet and forest tree.The physiological mechanism of shade tolerance of shade-tolerant foxtail millet hybrids and parent materials was studied by measuring the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in leaves,their ratio and the number of root wheels.The main results were as follows.(1)Seven shade-tolerant sterile lines and four shade-tolerant restorer lines were created.(2)Eight shade-tolerant foxtail millet hybrids were created.(3)The physiological mechanism of shade tolerance of these materials lay in that the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were both high,which was 2.11-2.35 mg/gFW and 0.65-0.76 mg/gFW,respectively;the value of chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b was low,ranging from 3.09 to 3.25;the number of root wheels was equal or greater than five,and they could absorb more nutrients from the soil;they had strong resistance and tolerance to pests and diseases in shaded environment.The breeding of shade-tolerant foxtail millet hybrids supported the development of understory economy,and established four stereo interplanting models,foxtail millet/chestnut,foxtail millet/walnut,foxtail millet/hawthorn and foxtail millet/medium and low density-ecological forest.
作者
李素英
崔燕娇
张静
刘正理
LI Suying;CUI Yanjiao;ZHANG Jing;LIU Zhengli(Tangshan Normal University,Tangshan,Hebei 063000)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2024年第14期23-31,共9页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
河北省农业科技成果转化资金项目“谷栗立体套种技术的中试与示范”。
关键词
耐荫
谷子
杂交种
种质创新
生理机制
shade tolerance
foxtail millet
hybrid
germplasm innovation
physiological mechanism
