摘要
【目的】探讨不同秸秆还田模式对褐土农田养分的影响,解析土壤胞外酶活性和菌群功能的变化特征,为高效提升褐土农田土壤肥力提供理论依据。【方法】本研究基于1992—2022年位于山西寿阳的长期定位试验,包括4种玉米秸秆还田方式处理:秸秆不还田(CK)、秸秆过腹还田(CM)、秸秆粉碎直接还田(SC)和秸秆覆盖还田(SM)。取样分析土壤养分含量和胞外酶活性;利用高通量测序技术、FAPROTAX功能预测和生态网络方法,分析细菌群落结构,预测菌群功能。【结果】1)长期不同秸秆还田方式(SM、SC和CM)均可显著提高土壤肥力、玉米产量和胞外酶活性。与CK相比,3个秸秆还田处理的土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)、碱解氮(AN)、有效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)含量分别提升了17.0%~42.9%、3.0%~50.0%、2.3%~27.9%、4.4%~11.5%、11.2%~71.0%、14.1%~320.8%、17.1%~153.6%;土壤葡萄糖苷酶(β-GC)、纤维二糖水解酶(CBH)和脱氢酶(DHA)含量分别提升了35.6%~190.7%、41.9%~58.6%和28.8%~773.8%;玉米累计产量提高了6.4%~23.0%。2)SM、SC和CM处理提高了土壤细菌Chao 1指数、Peilou’s evenness指数和Shannon指数,提高了拟杆菌门、变形菌门、厚壁菌门和放线菌门的相对丰度,降低绿弯菌门和酸杆菌门的相对丰度。土壤pH和土壤有机碳是影响细菌群落组成的重要影响因素。3)网络分析结果表明,长期秸秆还田处理指示种归属于不同模块,与土壤养分含量和酶活性呈显著相关关系,其中CM处理中富集的Chryseolinea通过强烈共生关系形成特定功能微生物集群。4)基于FAPROTAX的功能预测,发现长期不同秸秆还田提高了土壤菌群对有机物质的分解潜力和氮组分转化潜力。【结论】长期不同秸秆还田均显著提升土壤肥力和玉米产量,增加土壤酶活性,提高细菌多样性,改变细菌群落结构和组成,提高土壤碳氮循环功能,从而促进褐土形成适合作
【Objectives】We compared the beneficial effects of straw return modes on cinnamon soil chemical and biological fertility,to lay a basis for efficient culturing of fertile farmland.【Methods】The research was based on a 30-year long trial from 1992−2022,located in Shouyang,Shanxi Province.The experiment was composed of four maize straw return methods:not returned to field(CK),mulching on the field(SM),crushed and ploughed directly into field(SC),and returned to field after used as forage(CM).Soil nutrient content,enzyme activity,and bacterial community structure were comprehensively analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology,FAPROTAX functional prediction,and ecological network methods.【Results】1)Long-term straw return(SM,SC and CM)significantly increased soil nutrient contents and extracellular enzyme activities.Compared with CK,the soil organic carbon,total N,total P,total K,alkali-dissolved N,available P,quickly available K contents were elevated in ranges of 17.0%−42.9%,3.0%−50.0%,2.3%−27.9%,4.4%−11.5%,11.2%−71.0%,14.1%−320.8%,17.1%−153.6%,soil glucosidase(β-GC),cellobiose hydrolase(CBH)and dehydrogenase(DHA)contents were elevated in ranges of 35.6%−190.7%,41.9%−58.6%,and 28.8%−773.8%,cumulative maize yields increased by 6.4%−23.0%,respectively.2)SM,SC and CM treatments increased soil bacterial Chao 1 index,Peilou’s evenness index and Shannon’s index,the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes,Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,and Actinobacteria,and decreased the relative abundance of Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria.Soil pH and organic carbon were important factors influencing bacterial community composition.3)The results of the network analysis showed that the indicator species of the straw return treatments belonged to different modules and were significantly correlated with soil nutrient content and enzyme activities.The Chryseolinea,enriched in the CM treatment,had formed specific functional microbial clusters through strong symbiotic relationships.4)Functional prediction
作者
赵宇航
殷浩凯
解文艳
刘志平
周怀平
杨振兴
ZHAO Yu-hang;YIN Hao-kai;XIE Wen-yan;LIU Zhi-ping;ZHOU Huai-ping;YANG Zhen-xing(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030031,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第5期996-1007,共12页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
山西省基础研究计划项目(202103021224124)
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901101-4)
科技基础资源调查专项(2021FY100501)
山西省重点研发计划项目(202102140601010-4)
山西省科技重大专项计划项目(202101140601026-4-5)。
关键词
秸秆还田方式
细菌群落
酶活性
土壤养分
高通量测序
网络分析
straw return pattern
bacterial community
enzyme activity
soil nutrients
high throughput sequencing
network analysis
