摘要
海洋石油勘探开发已有100多年的历史。作为海洋石油开采所必需的设备,海洋钻井平台始终与海洋石油勘探开发同步发展。早在1897年,美国加利福尼亚州的Summerland滩潮汐地带,人类首次搭建了一座长达76.2 m的木制架子,用于在海上进行钻井活动,这标志着全球首座海上钻井平台的诞生。这一时刻标志着人类海洋石油开发的起步,也是海洋钻井平台发展历程的开篇。1993年国内第一个无人平台投产,用于渤中34-4 W。2018年以来,中国海洋石油在重点海域开始建立无人化海洋平台,在2020年的工作会议上提出了“1534”的总体发展构想,明确提出了从传统管理模式向现代化、数字化、智能化模式转变的主要目标。实现这一目标,离不开海上井口装备自动化控制关键技术。理论和实践证明传感技术、通信技术5G、控制软件技术、人工智能与机器学习技术、机器人技术、综合管理一体化平台、网络化、信息化与智能化深度融合的远程操控系统等技术是实现该目标的关键技术。基于此,文章分析了海上井口装备自动化控制关键技术的现状和发展趋势,以期为深入研究海上油井口实现无人化或少人化奠定基础。
Dffshore oil exploration and development has a history of over 100 years.as a necessary equipment for offshore oil extraction,offshore drilling platforms have always developed synchronously with offshore oil exploration and development.As early as 1897,in the tidal zone of Summerland Beach in california,USA,humans first built a 76.2m long wooden frame for drilling activities at sea,marking the birth of the world's first offshore drilling platform.This moment marks the beginning of human offshore oil development and also the beginning of the development process of offshore drilling platforms.In 1993,the first unmanned platform in china was put into operation for the Bohai sea 34-4 W.Since 2018,china National offshore oil corporation(CNOOC)has started to establish unmanned ocean platforms in key sea areas.at the 2020 work conference,the overall development concept of"1534"was proposed,which clearly stated the main goal of transforming from traditional management models to modern,digital,and intelligent models.to achieve this goal,key technologies for automated control of offshore wellhead equipment are indispensable.theory and practice have proven that sensing technology,communication technology 5G,control software technology,artificial intelligence and machine learning technology,robotics technology,integrated management platform,and remote control system deeply integrated with networking,informatization and intelligence are key technologies to achieve this goal.Based on this,this article will study and analyze the current situation and development trends of key technologies in offshore wellhead equipment,in order to lay the foundation for in-depth research on achieving unmanned or less manned offshore wellhead.
作者
王明安
李朝明
豆江明
吕杰
孙德强
WANG Mingan;LI Chaoming;DOU Jiangming;LV Jie;SUN Deqiang
出处
《今日自动化》
2024年第4期21-23,共3页
Automation Today
关键词
海上井口装备
自动化
关键技术
现状及发展趋势
无人化
offshore wellhead equipment
automation
key technologies
current situation and development trends
unmanned
