陕北鼓吹乐的历史传承与当代发展述评

Tracing the Historical Legacy and Modern Evolution of Shanbei Drum and Wind Music

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摘要陕北鼓吹乐是北方鼓吹乐中较有代表性的乐种之一。陕北鼓吹乐乐队的基本建制是两支唢呐和三件打击乐器,该乐种常用曲牌200多个,主要用于陕北当地的红白喜事等各种礼俗仪式活动。20世纪30年代以来的70多年间,陕北鼓吹乐在“仪式化传承”和“去仪式化发展”的多次经历中,演奏技艺不断提升,特别是21世纪以来的20多年间,乐队规模不断扩大、乐器种类不断增加、演奏曲目不断拓展,乐手们的演奏步入舞台表演,走进高校课堂和音乐厅,并经常在电视屏幕、互联网、自媒体手机平台上广泛传播,出现了向职业化、艺术化方向发展的趋势。一个依附于礼俗仪式而存在的乐种,一旦具有了“去仪式化发展”的能力和价值,则这个乐种将可能走上“由俗入雅”的艺术化发展之路。 Shanbei drum and wind music stands as a quintessential genre within the realm of northern Chinese wind music,characterized by its distinctive ensemble featuring two suonas and three percussion instruments.With a vast repertoire exceeding two hundred pieces,this musical tradition has long been integral to various ceremonial activities in Shanbei,spanning from jubilant wedding ceremonies to solemn grieving rituals.Over the past seven decades since the 1950s,Shanbei drum and wind music has traversed multiple phases of evolution,marked by phases of'ritualized inheritance'and'de-ritualized development,'during which playing techniques have continuously refined.Notably,in the last two decades of the 21st century,significant transformations have occurred:bands have expanded,instrument varieties have diversified,and repertoire has expanded.Musicians have transcended traditional ceremonial roles to grace university classrooms,concert halls,and media platforms such as television,the internet,and mobile applications.This transition signifies a paradigm shift towards professionalization and artistic sophistication.As this genre transitions from its ceremonial roots to broader artistic domains,it exemplifies a trajectory from the vernacular to the refined,marking its artistic maturation.

作者田耀农陈晓宇 Tian Yao Nong;Chen Xiao Yu