摘要
目的:了解广东鹤山地区婴幼儿轮状病毒感染性腹泻的流行病学特征,为临床预防和诊疗措施提供相关的科学信息。方法:回顾2017年1月1日-2022年12月31日在广东省鹤山市人民医院就诊的0~7岁儿童腹泻患者粪便结果5153例,按不同性别、年龄、月份以及新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情(新冠疫情)前后分析儿童感染轮状病毒的情况;选择2022年12月-2023年4月腹泻儿童粪便57份,采用免疫层析法进行轮状病毒抗原检测,根据检测结果分为轮状病毒感染组与非轮状病毒感染组,并作问卷调查,分析患儿感染轮状病毒的相关因素。结果:5153例标本中共检出轮状病毒阳性标本498例,阳性率为9.66%。其中男性患儿感染率为9.38%,女性患儿感染率为10.08%,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.693,P>0.05)。轮状病毒感染好发于出生6个月~3岁以下的婴幼儿,阳性患儿构成比达81.32%,显著高于其他年龄段,为重点预防发病对象。2017-2022年轮状病毒阳性率分别为15.1%、17.3%、5.55%、2.17%、5.66%和4.13%,2019-2022年受新冠疫情影响,轮状病毒抗原检出率显著下降,与疫情前两年相比差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。轮状病毒的暴发具有明显的季节性,在新冠疫情暴发前后,轮状病毒感染的高发期没有变化,主要以晚冬和初春时期(12月份至次年3月份)检出率最高,总检出率分别为24.7%、17.0%、16.0%、10.4%。经Logistic多因素分析,发现轮状病毒阳性病例主要以外来务工人员儿童感染为主,感染的因素主要有:饮食不注意卫生(缺乏勤洗手、地板清洁、餐具消毒),监护人对轮状病毒不了解、抗生素滥用、宠物接触等等。结论:轮状病毒感染是广东鹤山地区儿童腹泻的重要病因,其中0.5~3岁儿童是易感人群,在晚冬和初春季节发病率最高。儿童作为疫情防控重点人群,提倡在流行季节来临前做好防护工作,对存在高危感染因素的婴幼儿,采取
Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus infected diarrhea in infants and young children in Heshan area,Guangdong,and provide relevant scientific information for clinical prevention and treatment measures.Methods:The fecal results of 5153 diarrhea patients aged 0~7 years who were hospitalized in Heshan People's Hospital of Guangdong Province from January 1,2017 to December 31,2022 were reviewed,and the infection of rotavirus before and after the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic(COVID-19)was analyzed by gender,age,month;57 feces of children with diarrhea from December 2022 to April 2023 were selected for rotavirus antigen detection using colloidal gold immunochromatography technology.According to the detection results,they were divided into rotavirus infection group and non rotavirus infection group.A questionnaire survey was conducted to analyze the relevant factors of rotavirus infection in the children.Results:A total of 498 rotavirus positive specimens were detected from 5153 specimens,with a positive rate of 9.66%.The infection rate of male children was 9.38%,and that of female children was 10.08%.There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(χ^(2)=0.693,P>0.05).Rotavirus infection is mainly concentrated in infants and young children born between 6 months and 3 years old,and the proportion of positive children is significantly higher than other age groups,reaching 81.32%,as a key target for disease prevention.The positive rates of rotavirus in 2017-2022 were 15.1%,17.3%,5.55%,2.17%,5.66%and 4.13%,respectively.Influenced by the COVID-19 epidemic,the positive rate of rotavirus antigen detection in 2019-2022 decreased significantly,with statistically significant differences compared with the two years before the epidemic(P<0.05).The outbreak of rotavirus has obvious seasonal characteristics.Before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic,the high incidence months of rotavirus infection did not change.The highest positive rates were found in l
作者
黎卓华
李文丹
范宏英
LIZhuo-hua;LI Wen-dan;FAN Hong-ying(School of Public Health,Southern Medical University,Guangdong Guangzhou 510515)
出处
《医学检验与临床》
2024年第4期33-38,共6页
Medical Laboratory Science and Clinics
关键词
轮状病毒
婴幼儿
季节
感染性腹泻
感染因素
Rotavirus
Infants
Seasons
Infectious diarrhea
Infectious factors
