摘要
从介入纠纷的时机和目标上看,可以将ISDS机制改革分为“争端解决”与“争端预防”两种面向。以往的改革倡议主要集中于争端解决面向,聚焦于对国际投资条约仲裁的制度修补和程序再造,但随着改革迈入深水区,该路径日渐陷入僵持,暴露出制度变迁成本高昂、利益分配与再平衡困难、强调对抗而非合作的局限。面向争端预防的ISDS改革路径有望成为未来新出口,该路径以DPMMs为圆心,强调提前预防、及早介入和降级化解投资争端。近年来,面向争端预防的改革机制日益受到东道国关注,我国外商投资投诉制度的勃兴也印证了这一趋势。为因应此现实,应当纳入面向争端预防的DPMMs作为改革新措施,采取全生命周期式的治理思维促进外商投资,预防和管理投资争端。冷静期条款、监察专员和投诉机制为改革提供了具体制度供给,有望为处于窗口期的ISDS改革提供中国方案。
The ISDS reform can be divided into two categories based on intervention timing and goals,namely the“dispute resolution-oriented”approach and the“dispute prevention-oriented”approach.Earlier efforts mainly focus on the former one,targeting fixing and restructuring the international investment treaty arbitration system.The dispute resolution-oriented approach is now facing difficulties after the reform has entered a deep-water zone,while the dispute prevention-oriented approach might be the future exit.It emphasizes Dispute Prevention and Management Mechanisms(DPMMs),which prioritize early action,preemptive measures,and de-escalation of investment disputes.The dispute prevention-oriented approach is increasingly attracting States attentions.This trend is also evidenced by the recent blooming of foreign investment complaints mechanism in China.In response,this article argues that the ISDS reform could take a dispute prevention as its new orientation and incorporate DPMMs in its reform tool kits.The cooling-off period clause,the ombudsman and the complaint mechanism provide specific institutional supplies for the reform,which can also be incorporated in China’s proposal for the ISDS reform.
出处
《经贸法律评论》
2024年第3期24-45,共22页
Business and Economic Law Review
关键词
ISDS改革
争端预防
争端解决
外商投资投诉
国际投资条约仲裁
ISDS Reform
Dispute Prevention
Dispute Resolution
Foreign Investment Complaints
International Investment Treaty Arbitration
