摘要
为解决传统阻燃剂引起的环境问题,提高产品的可持续性,研发绿色环保的阻燃剂具有重要意义。木质素因含有丰富的芳环结构、脂肪族和芳香族羟基等活性基团,广泛应用于制备多种生物基阻燃剂。文章首先分析了木质素的分子结构,介绍了木质素的阻燃机理及在阻燃领域的应用进展;然后总结了木质素在高分子复合材料中发挥阻燃作用的两种形式,即物理协同作用和化学改性作用;最后对未来木质素基阻燃剂研究进行了展望,分析了其发展趋势和面临挑战。
Lignin is currently the second largest resource of biomass materials in the plant world.However,due to the complexity of the molecular structure of lignin,its thermal stability is relatively poor,and it does not contain flame-retardant elements such as phosphorus and nitrogen.The direct use of lignin as a flame retardant shows limited effectiveness in enhancing the flame retardancy of materials,hindering its market prospects as a high-end flame-retardant material.Physical synergy and chemical grafting treatment can improve the inherent defects of lignin fibers,resulting in low smoke release,low heat release rate,high flame retardancy and high thermal stability.At the same time,this treatment can better maintain the original performance of the fuel,such as softness,air permeability and so on.However,the traditional flame-retardant preparation process involves the use of toxic substances,such as halogens and metals,resulting in processing difficulties.Finally,it tends to decompose easily at high temperatures,diminishing its flame retardant effectiveness.Safety problems seriously restrict the sustainable development of traditional flame retardants.In summary,the use of lignin flame-retardant materials is the most environmentally friendly and easy-to-implement improvement method in the flame retardant industry.Usually,lignin is compounded with other flame retardants,or flame-retardant elements or groups are introduced into the chemical structure of lignin by chemical modification.In physical synergy,lignin can be used as a charring agent to make the char layer of the flame-retardant material more compact after combustion.In composite flame-retardant materials,the content of lignin has a certain impact on the flame-retardant effect.As the lignin content increases,the limiting oxygen index of the combustible material rises,while the total smoke production and the total heat release rate decrease.Chemical grafting modification can be roughly divided into nitrogen and phosphorus modification,nitrogen and phosphorus modif
作者
刘亦
刘雁雁
刘元军
赵晓明
LIU Yi;LIU Yanyan;LIU Yuanjun;ZHAO Xiaoming(School of Textile Science and Engineering,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composites,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China;Loftex Industries Ltd.,Binzhou 256600,China)
出处
《现代纺织技术》
北大核心
2024年第6期28-40,共13页
Advanced Textile Technology
基金
中国工程院咨询研究项目(2021DFZD1)
天津市科技计划项目创新平台专项(17PTSYJC00150)。
关键词
木质素
物理协同
化学改性
生物基阻燃剂
绿色环保
lignin
physical collaboration
chemical modification
bio-based flame retardant
green environmental protection
