摘要
本文讨论的案例导向研究指的是通过跨案例比较研究或案例内分析挖掘充分与必要条件(组合)或探索因果机制的方法论体系,主要包括以理论建构与因果推断为目标的案例内因果分析、少案例比较研究与定性比较分析。本文认为,案例导向研究是在比较方法以及量化研究与质性研究的方法论交锋中逐渐发展起来的,而要科学地展开一项案例导向研究,研究者首先要理解案例导向研究的哲学基础。案例导向研究主要遵循“规律性-决定论”(比如少案例比较研究与定性比较分析)或“机制性-决定论”(比如过程追踪法),因此其关键价值在于揭示事物之间具体的逻辑因果,而非简单的变量相关。一旦厘清案例导向研究的因果性本体论与方法论特性,研究者将不难判别选择案例导向研究的时机,并以此为研究“利器”,讲好基于中国情境的理论故事。
The case-oriented approach discussed in this paper refers to the methodological system that aims to establish sufficient and necessary conditions(combined)or explore causal mechanisms through either cross-case comparison or within-case analysis.It mainly includes within-case causal analysis,small-N comparative study,and qualitative comparative analysis(QCA),all for the purpose of theoretical construction and causal inference.This paper argues that the case-oriented approach is gradually developed from comparative methodology and the confrontation between quantitative and qualitative approaches.To carry out a case-oriented research,researchers must first understand the philosophical basis of the case-oriented approach which mainly follows"regularity and deterministic"causality(such as in small-N comparative study or QCA)or"mechanismic and deterministic"causality(such as in the process-tracing method).The key value of the case-oriented approach lies in revealing the specific logical causality between things rather than simple variable correlations.Once the ontological and methodological characteristics of the case-oriented approach are clarified,it will not be difficult for research-ers to know when to choose such an approach and how to use it properly to tell a good China story.
作者
游宇
陈超
You Yu;Chen Chao(School of Public Affairs,Xiamen University;School of International and Public Affairs,Shanghai Jiao Tong University)
出处
《开放时代》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第5期121-133,M0006,M0007,共15页
Open Times
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“‘新型政商关系’视域下优化政府与行业协会商会之间关系研究”(项目编号:21BZZ053)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
案例导向研究
哲学基础
方法论
跨案例研究
案例内分析
case-oriented approach
philosophical basis
methodology
cross-case study
within-case analysis
