摘要
“人格权请求权”系中国人格权理论中的原创性术语,但在《民法典》中并未得到独立呈现,而是被侵权请求权所“吸收”。人格权请求权概念外延中不应包括消除影响、恢复名誉、赔礼道歉,三者均为损害赔偿的特殊方式,以恢复原状为规范目的,属于债权请求权范畴。“停止侵害”请求权系妨害防止请求权(不作为请求权)在知识产权等领域针对“篡越”型侵权行为的具体表达,“排除妨碍”与“排除妨害”实属同一概念,区分二者并无实益。人格权请求权的适用以人格权的排他性为前提,作为一种受尊重权,该类权利不具有积极支配的权能,更不存在权利行使被妨碍(妨害)的可能,故排除妨害请求权难有适用空间。因此,人格权请求权的主要内容包括停止侵害请求权与消除危险请求权。人格权保护禁令制度的实施可以起到预防侵权与避免损害进一步扩大的功能,因其制度适用具有高效便捷性,将会在一定程度上限制人格权请求权制度的适用空间。
“The right to claim personality rights”is an original term in the theory of personality rights in China,but it has not been independently presented in the Civil Code,but has been“absorbed”by the right to claim infringement.The extension of the concept of the right to claim personality rights should not include the elimination of influence,restoration of reputation,and apology.All three are special ways of compensation for damages,with the normative purpose of restoring the original state,and belong to the category of the right to claim creditor's rights.The right to request the cessation of infringement is a specific expression of the right to request the prevention of infringement(not to act as a request right)in the field of intellectual property and other fields regarding the“usurpation”type of infringement.“Excluding obstacles”and“excluding obstruction”are actually the same concept,and distinguishing between the two is not useful.The application of the right to request personality rights is based on the exclusivity of personality rights.As a respected right,this type of right does not have the power to actively control it,and there is no possibility of its exercise being hindered(obstructed).Therefore,it is dificult to exclude the possibility of obstructing the right to request.Therefore,the main content of the right to request personality rights includes the right to request cessation of infringement and the right to request elimination of danger.The implementation of the personality rights protection injunction system can play a role in preventing infringement and avoiding further damage.Due to its efficient and convenient application,it will to some extent limit the application space of the personality rights claim system.
出处
《政法论坛》
北大核心
2024年第3期114-124,共11页
Tribune of Political Science and Law
基金
国家社科基金重点项目“数字时代人格权益民法保护的挑战与应对研究”(23AFX020)的阶段性成果。
关键词
人格权请求权
停止侵害
排除妨害
消除危险
人格权保护禁令
Right to Claim Personality Rights
Stop Infringement
Eliminate Obstacles
Eliminate Hazards
Prohibition Order for Protecting Personal Rights
