摘要
《诗经·行露》一诗,所谓表现周初“男女之讼”之说不准确,此诗当根据表演性的仪式舞蹈改写而成。周初有“召伯”之类的公卿大夫于仲春时节巡守“听讼”礼制,于仲春男女婚配时节,通过歌舞形式对男女青年“告诫”(教化),将彼时男女青年的婚姻纳入“礼”的轨道。诗中“谁谓雀无角”之雀,指“南方朱雀”之“角”,即称为“鹑首”的东井、舆鬼两星宿。歌舞者装扮成“鵻鸟”,是模拟天上的井、鬼两星,两星的星占特点关乎执法、牢狱等。这是周人以“神道设教”,对百姓进行“教化”的具体表现。诗中“谁谓鼠无牙”之“鼠”,在当时也是礼仪的象征。《行露》绝非所谓的民歌,其作者大约是周代的乐官或史官,作成于西周晚期或东周初期。
It is not accurate to regard that The Book of Songs·Xinglu reflected the affairs between men and women in the early Zhou Dynasty.Instead,it was written based on performative ritual dances.In the early Zhou Dynasty,there was a ritual system in which high-ranking officials like the“Lord of Shao”,would patrol and adjudicate disputes during the spring.During the season when men and women married,“Lord of Shao”admonished(educated)young brides and grooms through songs and dances so that their marriages would be integrated into the“rites”.“Who can say the sparrow has no horn”?This refers to the“horn”of the“Southern Vermilion Bird”,specifically the constellations Dong Jing and Yu Gui,which together form“sparrow’s head”.The performers dressed as“Fledge”mimic the stars in the sky,representing the constellations of“Jing Star”and“Gui Star”.The characteristics of these two constellations relate to law enforcement and prisons,embodying the specific manifestation of the Zhou people’s“education”of the populace through the“divine way”.The“rat”mentioned in the poem also symbolized ceremonial etiquette during that time.“On the Falling Dew”was by no means a folk song.Its author was likely to be a musician or historian of the Zhou Dynasty,and it was composed in the late Western Zhou Dynasty or early Eastern Zhou Dynasty.
出处
《中州学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第5期148-156,共9页
Academic Journal of Zhongzhou
关键词
《诗经·行露》
乐舞教化
祝鸠
井宿
鬼宿
司徒
The Book of Songs·Xinglu
musical dance education
Zhu Jiu
Jing Star
Gui Star
Si Tu
