摘要
战略性矿产资源是国民经济发展的重要基础,也是国家安全的根本保障。柴达木盆地周缘战略性矿产资源丰富,成矿条件有利,提升成矿规律认识和明确勘查方向,对于实现找矿突破,为国家提供战略性矿产资源保障基地具有重要意义。笔者在全面收集区内已有资料的基础上,通过系统梳理柴达木盆地周缘战略性矿产种类,分析其成矿类型及成矿特点,结合地球物理及地球化学资料,提出进一步勘查方向。主要取得如下成果:①柴达木盆地周缘金、镍、钴是具有地域优势的战略性矿产,奥陶纪、志留纪末—泥盆纪和三叠纪是金、镍和钴矿最重要的3个成矿期。②镍矿床类型为与镁铁超镁铁岩有关的同生岩浆矿床,主要形成于志留纪末—泥盆纪后碰撞后造山环境,铁质超镁铁岩愈加发育,原生岩浆MgO含量和部分熔融程度高,Fo值和En值高且数值接近,橄榄石Ni含量较低有利于形成大矿。③钴矿分为岩浆型、(变)沉积岩容矿型及热液型三大类:岩浆型钴矿伴生在与镁铁超镁铁岩有关的岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床中,Co与Ni品位及资源储量近乎成正比;(变)沉积岩容矿型包括奥陶纪锰钴矿和中元古代氧化铁钴矿,前者是东昆仑成矿带较为特色且具有较大找矿潜力的一种新类型钴矿;热液型以热水喷流沉积型和夕卡岩型较为重要,前者往往形成独立矿床或与铜矿共生,成矿时代以奥陶纪为主,其次是石炭纪,形成于奥陶纪增生造山作用和石炭纪古特提斯洋扩张环境,夕卡岩型钴矿多与铁或铜矿共(伴)生,主要产在三叠纪花岗岩与围岩接触带或远离接触带的夕卡岩中,矿石品位一般较高。④金矿有造山型、夕卡岩型、斑岩型、浅成低温热液或岩浆期后中低温热液型4个类型,存在425.5~401 Ma、383~349 Ma、284~263.21 Ma和242.2~202.7 Ma共4期成矿事件,以第一和第四期最为重要,分别响应原特提斯洋构造旋�
Strategic mineral resources play a crucial role in national economic development and security,particularly in regions like the Qaidam Basin where abundant resources are found.Understanding the metallogenic regularity and identifying exploration directions are essential for successful prospecting and ensuring a stable supply of strategic minerals.Based on a comprehensive review of available information in the area,a systematic analysis of the strategic minerals around the Qaidam Basin has been conducted.By examining metallogenic types,characteristics,and integrating geophysical and geochemical data,recommendations for further exploration have been proposed.The key findings are as follows:Gold,nickel,and cobalt are identified as strategic minerals with regional advantages around the Qaidam Basin,with metallogenic periods primarily in the Ordovician,late Silurian Devonian,and Triassic eras.①Nickel deposits are syngenetic magmatic deposits associated with mafic-ultramafic rocks,formed in a late Silurian Devonian post-collision post-orogenic environment.The presence of well-developed mafic-ultramafic rocks,high MgO content,partial melting degree of primary magma,and specific mineral characteristics favor the formation of significant ore deposits.②Cobalt deposits exhibit various metallogenic types,including magmatic,sediment-hosted,and hydrothermal types.Magmatic cobalt ore is linked to magmatic copper-nickel-cobalt sulfide deposits related to mafic-ultramafic rocks,with Co grades closely related to Ni content.Sediment-hosted cobalt ores present opportunities in the East Kunlun metallogenic belt.Hydrothermal cobalt deposits comprise exhalative sedimentary and skarn types,with mineralization ages in the Ordovician and Carboniferous periods.③Gold mineralization in the region includes orogenic,skarn,porphyry,and epithermal types,with distinct mineralization events occurring between 425.5401 Ma,383349 Ma,284263.21 Ma,and 242.2202.7 Ma.Crust-mantle interactions during the Silurian-Devonian and Middle-Late Triassic per
作者
张爱奎
袁万明
刘光莲
张勇
汪周鑫
孙非非
刘智刚
ZHANG Aikui;YUAN Wanming;LIU Guanglian;ZHANG Yong;WANG Zhouxin;SUN Feifei;LIU Zhigang(The Third Geological Exploration Institution of Qinghai Province,Xining 810029,China;China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;College of Geosciences,Hebei Geology University,Shijiazhuang 050031,China)
出处
《地学前缘》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第3期260-283,共24页
Earth Science Frontiers
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2903503、92062217)
青海省“高端创新创业人才计划”项目(青地矿科[2021]61号、青地矿科[2022]32号)
青海省“科技创新创业人才工程”项目(青地三勘[2020]86号)。
关键词
战略性金属矿产
成矿特征
成矿规律
勘查方向
柴达木盆地周缘
strategic metal minerals
mineralizing characteristics
metallogenic regularity
exploration direction
around Qaidam Basin
