摘要
[目的]倒伏严重影响谷子产量和品质。探究不同施氮水平下硅肥提高谷子茎秆强度、产量及品质的作用,为谷子高产高效施肥提供技术方案。[方法]以晋谷21和张杂13为供试谷子品种,在山西太谷进行大田试验。在常规施氮量N_(1)(180 kg/hm^(2))和高施氮量N_(2)(450 kg/hm^(2))下,分别设置不施硅、施用硅酸钠(Si_(1),SiO_(2) 68.85 kg/hm^(2))和硅钙肥(Si_(2),SiO_(2) 67.2 kg/hm^(2)),共6个处理。在谷子成熟期测量其株高、抗倒伏能力相关指标、光合特性、产量和品质相关指标,并观察茎秆横切面显微结构。[结果]N_(1)水平下,施用硅肥降低了谷子基节长度,增加了茎粗、茎秆抗折力和穿刺力,晋谷21和张杂13两品种前五基节的节间长度分别降低了4.1%~30.1%和9.5%~11.5%,茎粗分别增加5.3%~19.4%和13.0%~34.1%;晋谷21抗倒性在N_(1)-Si_(1)处理较强,第一、第二基节抗倒伏指数较N_(1)-Si_0处理分别增加37.4%和35.8%,张杂13在N_(1)-Si_(2)处理时较强,第一、第二基节抗倒伏指数较N_(1)-Si_0处理分别增加136.0%和94.7%。N_(2)水平下,施用硅肥后晋谷21和张杂13前五基节的节间长度分别降低了9.6%~30.3%和10.6%~14.9%,茎粗分别增加了9.56%~23.9%和16.2%~31.0%,茎秆扁平度降低。硅钙肥对谷子茎秆强度影响大于硅酸钠,N_(2)-Si_(2)处理晋谷21的第二基节抗折力、穿刺力和抗倒伏指数比N_(2)-Si_0分别增加97.9%、77.6%和83.3%,张杂13的第一基节抗折力、穿刺力和抗倒伏指数比N_(2)-Si_0分别增加74.0%、66.8%和128%。施硅后谷子茎秆中机械组织增厚,维管束数量增多且排列均匀,向茎秆中心延伸,且在N_(2)水平下,硅钙肥作用效果优于硅酸钠。硅可促进谷子穗码发育,增加穗粗、穗粒数和千粒重,在高氮水平下硅钙肥处理使晋谷21和张杂13的产量分别增加23.8%和24.0%。施用硅肥能够提高谷子脂肪、蛋白质和氨基酸含量,在高氮水平下可以降低谷子直链淀粉/支链淀粉
【Objective】Lodging significantly affects the yield and quality of foxtail millet(Setaria italica).This study aimed to investigate the effects of silicon fertilizer on stem characteristics,yield,and quality of foxtail millet at different nitrogen levels.【Methods】Field experiment was conducted in Taigu,Shanxi,two foxtail millet cultivars Jingu 21 and Zhangza 13 were selected as the experimental materials.The nitrogen application rate included conventional rate(N_(1),180 kg/hm^(2))and high rate(N_(2),450 kg/hm^(2)).The silicon treatments included no silicon(Si0_(2)),sodium silicate(Si1,SiO_(2)68.85 kg/hm^(2)),and silicon calcium(Si_(2),SiO_(2)67.2 kg/hm^(2)).At maturity stage,plant height,grain yield and quality,Si content in various organs,and the traits of the lowest five basal internodes,and photosynthetic characteristics were measured.The cross-seeeion structure of stems was observed using microscope.【Results】Under N1,silicon application reduced the basal internode length,increased stem diameter,stem lodging resistance,and puncture force Compared with Si0,the internode length of the bottom five nodes of cultivar Jingu 21 and Zhangza 13 were decreased by 4.1%-30.1%and 9.5%-11.5%,and the stem thickness(i.e circumference)increased by 5.3%-19.4%and 13.0%-34.1%,respectively.Jingu 21 and Zhangza 13 were measured stronger lodging resistance under N_(1)-Si_(1) and N_(1)-Si_(2),respectively,the lodging resistance index of the 1st and 2nd basal node of Jingu 21 were increased by 37.4% and 35.8%,while those of Zhangza 13 were by 136.0% and 94.7%,compared to N_(1)-Si_(0).Under N_(2),silicon fertilization reduced the node length of the basal five nodes by 9.6%-30.3% and 10.6%~14.9%,and increased the stem thickness by 9.56%-23.9% and 16.2%-31.0%,and reduced the stem flatness.Si2 treatment exhibited better promotion effect than Si1 treatment on stem strength,N2-Si2 treatment enhanced the lodging resistance,puncture force,and lodging resistance index of the basal second node in Jingu 21 by 97.9%,77.6%,and 83.3%,enha
作者
温银元
郭之瑶
郑志强
胡奇林
赵娟
董淑琦
原向阳
温日宇
尹美强
WEN Yin-yuan;GUO Zhi-yao;ZHENG Zhi-qiang;HU Qi-lin;ZHAO Juan;DONG Shu-qi;YUAN Xiang-yang;WEN Ri-yu;YIN Mei-qiang(College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China;Pingliang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Pingliang,Gansu 744000,China;Lüliang City Administration for Rural Revitalization,Lüliang,Shanxi 033000,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期641-654,共14页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901103-5)
国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-06-14.5-A28)
山西省农业产业技术体系专项(谷子)
山西农业大学农学院育种工程专项(YZ2021-12)。
关键词
谷子
硅酸钙
硅酸钠
施氮量
基部茎秆性状
机械强度
抗倒伏指数
产量
品质
foxtail millet
calcium silicate
sodium silicate
nitrogen level
base stem characteristics
mechanical strength
lodging resistance index
yields
quality
