摘要
《孙子兵法》是一部针对统帅和将军的军事著作,与统帅相关的属于军事战略思想,对将军而言的则是一系列具体的战术原则。《形篇》的旨意是对统帅讲“先为不可胜”的国防战略问题,汉简本“守则有余,攻则不足”正是这方面的认识,十一家注本改为“守则不足,攻则有余”不妥。另在“动于九天之上”前加“善攻者”有误,其主语当为“善守者”。简本“无奇胜”,指统帅要从国家整体实力出发考虑问题,不能把胜利寄托在将军个人的谋略才能上,这与《势篇》指示将军在指挥作战时要“以奇胜”没有矛盾。在“胜”前有“称”,是对“胜”的限定,强调基于客观比较分析的实践理性精神。由此可见,十一家注本对于《孙子兵法》本旨有误读。当然,这也可谓阐释过程中的军事思想发展。
The Art of War is a military book for commanders and generals.As far as commanders are concerned,it is related to the military strategic thoughts.As far as generals are concerned,it is related to a series of specific tactical principles.The intention of the chapter of Dispositions is to review the national defense strategy of“making oneself invisible”for the commanders.The principle of“One defends when his strength is adequate;he attacks when it is unabundant.”in the bamboo slip edition of the Han Dynasty is this kind of understanding.The rectification of“One defends when his strength is inadequate;he attacks when it is abundant.”in the 11 annotated editions is not correct.Moreover,I the statement of“Those in attack flash forth as from above the ninefold heavens.”,the words“attack flash”are not correct.The subject should be“defense flash”.In the bamboo slip edition,“no extraordinary victory”means that the commander must consider the issues from the overall strength of the country,and cannot pin the victory on the personal strategy of the general.This has no contradiction with the idea that a general should“use the extraordinary to win”when directing a battle in the chapter of Dispositions.The word“comparisons”prior to the word“victory”means of the limitation of“victory”,which emphasizes the practical rational spirit based on objective comparative analysis.It can be seen that the 11 annotated editions have misunderstanding of The Art of War.Of course,this can also be described as the development of military ideas in the process of interpretation.
出处
《孙子研究》
2024年第2期35-44,共10页
Sunzi Studies
关键词
《孙子兵法·形篇》
汉简本
异文
国防守备
特定性
Chapter of Dispositions in The Art of War
Bamboo Slip Edition of the Han Dynasty
Different Words
National Defense
Specificity
