摘要
Myring流线型在水下航行器领域应用较为广泛,而量水槽在渠道中的受阻状态与潜水器潜行时受到的阻力情况具有一定的相似之处,因此本文借鉴潜水器的结构特点进行量水槽体型设计,探究量水槽受阻最小的较优线型。基于FLOW-3D软件,采用最优拉丁超立方设计方法,以流线型的收缩段长度和锐度因子、扩散段长度和离去角为变量设计了40组数值模拟方案,得到对应的水头损失百分比和上游佛汝德数。以数值模拟变量为输入、结果为输出,训练RBF神经网络,结合NSGA-Ⅱ遗传算法获得Patero前沿解,通过TOPSIS评价法筛选出最优解并得出其线形参数:优化模型收缩段长度为45.9 cm、收缩段锐度因子为0.74、扩散段长度为49.2 cm、扩散段离去角为14.63°,并通过等比例缩放得到6组收缩比,在9组流量下进行模型试验分析水力性能。结果表明,优化后线型过流较顺畅,水力性能较优,预测结果和模拟结果误差不超过5%;不同工况下上游佛汝德数均小于0.5,满足测流规范要求,收缩比为0.58~0.66时各项水力性能均较优;基于临界流测流和量纲分析原理得到的测流公式精度较高,平均相对误差为2.09%。本研究证明了将流线型运用于量水槽领域研究以及通过神经网络和遗传算法寻优的可行性,优化后Myring流线型量水槽具有良好的性能和测流精度,在灌区渠道中具有较好的运用前景。
In order to find a new type of quantitative tank with better hydraulic performance and broaden the research ideas in the field of quantitative tank,the obstruction state of the quantitative tank in the channel has certain similarities with the resistance of the submersible when diving,so based on the structural characteristics of Myring streamlined submersible,the body shape design of the measuring tank was carried out,and the better linear type and its hydraulic characteristics with the least hindered volume tank were explored.The length of contraction section,the sharpness factor of contraction section,the length of diffusion section and the departure angle of diffusion section were the variables,totally 40 sets of experimental schemes were designed for streamlined parameters by using the optimal Latin hypercube design method,and 40 sets of simulation data values were obtained based on FLOW-3D software.These data included percentage head loss and upstream Froude number,which were used to train RBF neural networks,and the coefficients of determination were 0.989 16 and 0.999 78,respectively,indicating that the neural network had high accuracy;the neural network was used as the fitness value of NSGA-Ⅱ genetic algorithm,and then the Patero frontier solution evaluation and screening by TOPSIS method were used to obtain the comprehensive optimal individual;the contraction segment length was 45.9 cm,the contraction section sharpness factor was 0.74,the diffusion segment length was 49.2 cm,and the diffusion angle was 14.63°.The corresponding head loss and upstream Froude number simulation values were 13.00% and 0.327,respectively,and the error of the prediction results did not exceed 5%.A total of six contraction ratios were obtained by equal scale scaling of the optimal individuals,and model experiments were carried out under nine groups of flow rates,and it was found that the Ferude number of upstream under different working conditions was less than 0.5,which met the requirements of the flow measurement specifica
作者
杨洋
张宽地
姚田成
李柯
吕宏兴
王蒙
YANG Yang;ZHANG Kuandi;YAO Tiancheng;LI Ke;LV Hongxing;WANG Meng(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas,Ministry of Education,Northwest A&FUniversity,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Northwest A&FUniversity,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期241-250,共10页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41877076、52179079)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2022HHZX003)
陕西省水利厅科技计划项目(2023slkj-5)。
关键词
流线型量水槽
体型优化
数值模拟
神经网络
NSGA-Ⅱ遗传算法
streamlined volume sink
optimization of body shape
numerical simulation
neural network
NSGA-II genetic algorithm
