摘要
我国立法机关顺应学界呼声,追赶域外先进立法潮流,在《民法典》第33条对意定监护制度作出了原则性规定。不过,该条的规范内容较为粗疏,缺失意定监护的重要内容及相关配套规则,使其在实践运行中存在诸多隐忧。虽然《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国民法典〉总则编若干问题的解释》第11条对其作出了一定的填补,但并不全面,而且这种“零敲碎打”式的修补无助于统一、完整的意定监护制度的体系构造。在后民法典时代,应秉持一种解释论与立法论有机协同的策略实现意定监护制度的体系化建构。申言之,在解释论层面,应实现意定监护与行为能力欠缺认定之间的“软脱钩”,从而为后续的立法完善奠定坚实基础。在立法论层面,应当舍弃“司法解释模式”而采“单行法模式”,充分参考域外正反两方面经验,并结合我国现实国情,在一部法律中系统地规定意定监护的实体及程序规则,消除规则之间的重复与冲突,填补缺漏,增强法律适用的明确性及可预期性,为意定监护制度的利用主体提供丰富且明晰的行为指引及规范依据,充分发挥意定监护制度在老龄化社会中的重要价值。
Considering the appeal of academic community and following the trend of advanced legislation,the legislature has made clear provisions on voluntary guardianship in Article 33 of the Civil Code.However,the provision is principle and lack of elements of voluntary guardianship,so there are certain worries in practice.Although Article 1l of the Judicial Interpretation on General Principles of the Civil Code has made some supplements,it is not thorough,and such“piecemeal”repairs are not conducive to the systematic construction of voluntary guardianship,which not only increases the cost of law application,but also affects the stability of law application.In the post-Civil Code era,we need to promote the legislative perfection of voluntary guardianship by combining interpretation with legislation.First of all,we need to realize the“soft decoupling”between voluntary guardianship and the determination of capacity for civil conduct through interpretation.In legislation,we should abandon the“judicial interpretation mode”and adopt the“special law mode”,refer to overseas experience and combine with our own national conditions,make a comprehensive regulation of voluntary guardianship in a single law,and enhance clarity and predictability of the application of law.Through such a special legislation,we can provide clear behavioral guidelines and normative basis for the users of voluntary guardianship,and also can help to play the important value of voluntary guardianship in an aging society.
出处
《法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第5期113-128,共16页
Law Science
基金
2021年度国家社科基金重点项目(项目批准号:21AFX016)的成果。
关键词
监护
成年监护
意定监护
老龄化社会
《民法典》第33条
guardianship
adult guardianship
voluntary guardianship
aging society
Article 33 of the Civil Code
