摘要
为探明生源要素氮、磷在沉积物与水体间的迁移过程,比较3种不同养殖模式下、不同时间养殖池塘沉积物-水界面的氮、磷通量变化,2014年6—10月,在3种综合养殖池塘:海蜇+凡纳滨对虾+菲律宾蛤仔、海蜇+凡纳滨对虾+缢蛏和海蜇+凡纳滨对虾的整个养殖周期内,采集检测3口池塘沉积物-水界面样品中的亚硝态氮、硝态氮、氨氮和活性磷酸盐含量,分析沉积物-水界面的亚硝态氮+硝态氮、氨氮和活性磷酸盐的通量变化。试验结果显示,6—10月,3种综合养殖池塘沉积物上覆水中亚硝态氮和硝态氮均以向沉积物中扩散为主,仅10月海蜇+凡纳滨对虾池塘沉积物中亚硝态氮和硝态氮向上覆水释放。海蜇+凡纳滨对虾+菲律宾蛤仔、海蜇+凡纳滨对虾+缢蛏池塘沉积物上覆水中氨氮向沉积物扩散,6月海蜇+凡纳滨对虾+缢蛏池塘沉积物中氨氮向上覆水扩散;与海蜇+凡纳滨对虾+菲律宾蛤仔和海蜇+凡纳滨对虾+缢蛏池塘相比,海蜇+凡纳滨对虾池塘氨氮通量变化幅度较大,6—7月上覆水中氨氮向沉积物扩散,且扩散速率逐渐降低,9—10月沉积物中氨氮向上覆水释放,释放速率逐渐上升。6、7、10月海蜇+凡纳滨对虾+菲律宾蛤仔池塘沉积物中活性磷酸盐向上覆水释放,8—9月上覆水中活性磷酸盐向沉积物扩散;6—10月,海蜇+凡纳滨对虾+缢蛏池塘沉积物中活性磷酸盐向上覆水释放;海蜇+凡纳滨对虾池塘上覆水中活性磷酸盐向沉积物扩散,10月沉积物中活性磷酸盐向上覆水释放。试验结果表明,配养底栖贝类,可以通过改变综合养殖池塘沉积物-水界面的氮、磷通量,改善池塘的底质和水质环境。
In order to obtain basic information for the management of ecological health cultivation and environmental control of sediment-water quality in marine polyculture ponds,the concentrations of NO-2,NO-3,NH+4 and DIP at sediment-water surface in three different culture patterns including(1#)jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum+Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei+razor calm Sinonovacula constricta,(2#)R.culentum+L.vannamei+Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum,and(3#)R.culentum+L.vannameiwere detected during the whole culture period from June to October,and the influxes of NO-X-N,NH+4-N and DIP were analyzed.The results showed that the NO-X-N mainly diffused from overlying water to sediment in the three polyculture ponds during whole aquaculture,except the pond 3#in the Oct.The NH+4-N mainly diffused from overlying water to sediment in ponds 1#and 2#,except the pond 2#in June.Compared to ponds1#and 2#,the influxes of NH+4-N at sediment-water surface greatly changed in the pond 3#,the NH+4-N diffused from overlying water to sediment in June and July,the NH+4-N released from sediment to overlying water in September and October.The DIP-P released from sediment to overlying water in the pond 2#during the whole aquaculture,and also in the pond 1#in the June,July and October,but reverse in August and September.The DIP-P diffused from overlying water to sediment in pond 3#from June to September but reverse in October.The findings indicate that the fluxes of nitrogen and phosphorus were affected by the bivalve clam in polyculture ponds,and meanwhile the benthic and water environment were improved.
作者
陈仲
CHEN Zhong(Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology,Liaoning Province,Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resource,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute,Dalian 116023,China)
出处
《水产科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第3期461-467,共7页
Fisheries Science
基金
辽宁省应用基础研究计划项目(2022JH2/101300287)
辽宁省民生科技计划项目(2021JH2/10200042)
大连市支持高层次人才创新项目(2021RT08).
关键词
综合养殖池塘
沉积物-水界面
营养盐通量
氮
磷
polyculture pond
sediment-water interface
flux of nutrient
nitrogen
phosphorus
