摘要
Organic solar cells(OSCs)have reached an outstanding certified power conversion efficiency(PCE)of over 19%in single junction and 20%in tandem architecture design.Such high PCEs have emerged with outstanding Y-shaped Y6 non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs),together with PM6 electron donor polymers.PCEs are on the rise for small-area OSCs.However,large-area OSC sub-modules are still unable to achieve such high PCEs,and the highest certified PCE reported so far is∼12%having an area of 58 cm2.To fabricate efficient large-area OSCs,new custom-designed NFAs for large-area systems are imminent along with improvements in the sub-module fabrication platforms.Moreover,the search for stable yet efficient OSCs is still in progress.In this review,progress in small-area OSCs is presented with reference to the advancement in the chemical structure of NFAs and donor polymers.Finally,the life-cycle assessment of OSCs is presented and the energy payback time of the efficient and stable OSCs is discussed and lastly,an outlook for the OSCs is given.
基金
the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(Grant No.2021R1A2C3008724).
