摘要
在明代男权社会,由于存在“夫贵妻荣”和“母以子贵”的利益格局,后妃们常以妻子和母亲的身份,不断卷入皇权主导的政治漩涡之中。她们以太后、皇后或贵妃的特殊身份,利用女性教科书编纂与讲授的机会,确立自己在宫中的导师身份、道统统绪和正统地位,以此衬托并维系丈夫或儿子在朝中的政治地位。明成祖仁孝徐皇后的《内训》、世宗章圣蒋太后的《女训》、神宗慈圣李太后的《女鉴》、神宗郑贵妃改纂的《闺范图说》,并非如表面所见的那样属于女子教科书,其实际上却深蕴着政治斗争的意图。在认识到儒学对妇女的教化功能后,明代后妃们通过编纂宫廷女教书,占领儒学这一意识形态高地,用以维护其夫、其子所主导的上层建筑。明代女教书的出现,不仅反映了儒学对妇女的渗透,亦反映了上层妇女对儒学的政治操弄。
In the male-dominated society of the Ming dynasty,because of the interest pattern of“husband noble and wife honor”and“son noble and mother honor”,the imperial concubines were often involved in the political whirlpool dominated by the imperial power as wives and mothers.As the special status of empress dowager,empress and imperial concubine,they made use of the opportunity of compiling and teaching female textbooks to establish their status of tutor and orthodoxy in the palace,foil and maintain the husband or son in the political status.Inner Discipline of Chengzu’s empress Renxiaowen,Sejong the Great Chang’s Female discipline,Sinjong chi-sheng’s Female reference and Sinjong Cheng’s Boudoir style,it does not belong to the women’s textbook as it appears,but in fact it contains the intention of political struggle.Recognising the role of Confucianism in disciplining women,the imperial concubines of the Ming dynasty occupied the ideological high ground of Confucianism by compiling court women’s textbooks to defend the base and superstructure dominated by their husbands and sons.The appearance of female teaching in Ming dynasty reflected not only the infiltration of Confucianism to women,but also the political manipulation of Confucianism by upper-class women.
作者
谢贵安
谢盛
Xie Gui’an;Xie Sheng
出处
《中原文化研究》
2024年第3期68-75,共8页
The Central Plains Culture Research
关键词
宫廷妇女
教科书
道统
正统
政治意图
court women
textbooks
Confucian orthodoxy
orthodoxy
political intent
