摘要
微生物农药比化学农药更加环保和安全,已成为农林病虫害生物防治的研究热点。然而,因为缺乏喷洒技术和专用设备,使微生物农药的应用受到制约。目前,传统的喷头仍然主要分为锥形雾和扇形雾喷头。由于扇形雾喷头的平面喷洒方式,配有该喷头的喷雾机可用于大范围喷洒。与锥形雾喷头相比,扇形雾喷头喷洒后微生物农药的活性不能满足使用要求。为了保证微生物农药的活性,方便大范围喷洒并有良好的喷雾性能,研究了一种用于喷洒水和微生物农药混合物的双流体外混式扇形雾喷头。微生物农药的活性可以通过喷洒后微生物农药的活性(生存率R s)来评估。喷雾性能包括雾滴尺寸、分布均匀性和混合均匀性,并分别通过有效尺寸、变异系数(CV,式中记作C V)、均匀性变异系数(α)来评估。初步分析表明,在喷雾过程中,微生物农药与水的喷雾压力必须有一定的比值(λ),当λ为0.7∶0.2时,雾滴粒径在188~341μm的有效范围内,C V=0.40,α=0.47,R s=89.6%,可以保证微生物农药的活性,获得理想的喷雾特性。研究结果将为精确使用农药、大面积喷洒微生物农药并保证微生物农药活性,从而有效防治植物病虫害提供新的研究思路和方法。
Microbial pesticides are more environmentally friendly and safer than traditional chemical pesticides,which have become a research hotspot in the biological control of agricultural and forestry diseases and pests.However,due to the lack of effective-spraying technologies and specialized equipment,the use of traditional pesticide spraying nozzles can greatly impact the effectiveness of microbial pesticides during large-scale pesticide spraying,limiting the application of microbial pesticides.At present,traditional nozzles are mainly sorted into conical spray nozzles and fan-shaped spray nozzles.Thanks to the flat spraying method of the fan shaped spray nozzle,the spray equipped with the nozzle is convenient for multi nozzle combination spraying microbial pesticides to achieve the purpose of precise spraying and large-scale spraying of microbial pesticides.Compared with conical spray nozzles,fan-shaped spray nozzles have lower activity of microbial pesticides after spraying,which cannot meet the requirements for large-scale uses.To ensure the activity of microbial pesticides after spraying,facilitate large-scale spraying efficiency and enhance spray performance,a dual fluid external mixed hydraulic fan type spray nozzle for spraying water and microbial pesticide mixture was studied.The activity of microbial pesticides can be evaluated by the activity of microbial pesticides after spraying(R s).The spray performance of microbial pesticides included droplet size,droplet distribution uniformity and mixing uniformity,which were all passed evaluations of the effective size(μm),coefficient of variation(C V)and coefficient of uniformity variation(α),respectively.The preliminary analysis showed that the spray pressure of microbial pesticide and water must be kept at a certain ratio during the spray process of the dual fluid external mixing hydraulic fan spray nozzle(λ).Whenλ=0.7∶0.2,V=89.6%,the droplet size was within the effective range of 188-341μm,and C V=0.40,α=0.47.At this time,it can ensure that the microorga
作者
李新松
翟恩昱
陈曾涛
郑加强
李建华
LI Xinsong;ZHAI Enyu;CHEN Zengtao;ZHENG Jiaqiang;LI Jianhua(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Department of Mechanical Engineering,University of Alberta,Edmonton T6G 2R3,Canada)
出处
《林业工程学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第3期138-148,共11页
Journal of Forestry Engineering
基金
南京林业大学大学生科技创新项目(201810298012Z)
江苏省高校自然科学研究面上项目(16KJB210006)。
关键词
水-农药双流体外混
扇形雾喷头
微生物农药的活性
喷雾分布均匀性
微生物农药的混合均匀性
water-pesticides dual fluid external-mixing
flat-fan spray nozzle
activity of microbial pesticides
spray distribution uniformity
mixing uniformity of microbial pesticides
