摘要
为准确评估紧急情况下幼儿园疏散安全风险,依据幼儿园建筑结构特点和幼儿疏散特性,从人、物、环境、管理4个方面综合分析,建立疏散安全评估指标体系;采用层次分析法与变异系数法构建综合评估云模型,并利用模型评估湖南省某幼儿园的疏散安全风险。研究结果表明:影响幼儿园安全疏散权重占比较大的因素为应急疏散设施、建筑水平交通、教学管理人员等;该幼儿园总体应急疏散水平为“良”,建筑空间布局、消防广播系统、教师队伍建设等方面存在薄弱环节;综合评估云模型能体现评估过程的随机性和模糊性,可相对准确地评估幼儿园安全疏散风险水平。该方法为全面准确评估幼儿园疏散安全风险提供了新思路。
In order to accurately assess the evacuation safety risk of kindergartens in emergencies,based on the characteristics of the kindergarten building structure and the evacuation characteristics of young children,the evacuation safety assessment index system was established by comprehensively analyzing four aspects of people,objects,environment and management.Hierarchical analysis method and variation coefficient method were used to build a comprehensive assessment cloud model,and the cloud model was used to assess the evacuation safety risk of a kindergarten in Hunan Province.The results show that the factors occupying a larger proportion in affecting the evacuation safety weight in kindergartens are emergency evacuation facilities,building level,transportation,teaching management personnel,etc.;that the overall emergency evacuation level in this kindergarten is“good”,and there are weaknesses in building space layout,fire broadcasting system,and teachers’team construction;and that the comprehensive assessment cloud model can reflect the randomness and fuzzy nature of the assessment process and relative accurately assess the risk level of the kindergarten evacuation.The method provides a new idea for comprehensively and accurately assessing the evacuation safety risk of kindergartens.
作者
杨立兵
杨虎
代政
张俊
YANG Libing;YANG Hu;DAI Zheng;ZHANG Jun(College of Civil Engineering&Architecture,Hunan Institute of Science and Technology,Yueyang Hunan 414006,China;Safety Management Department,Jingzhou Branch of Hubei Tobacco Company,Jingzhou Hubei 434000,China;State Key Laboratory of Fire Science,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei Anhui 230026,China)
出处
《安全》
2024年第4期21-28,共8页
Safety & Security
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(72174189)
国家自然科学基金民航联合基金(U1933105)
湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2021JJ30301)。
关键词
幼儿园疏散
组合赋权
云模型
风险评估
kindergarten evacuation
combination weighting
cloud model
risk assessment
