摘要
纳米颗粒(nanoparticles,NPs)由于其独特的理化性质在农业上已经被广泛用作纳米肥料以及杀虫剂,部分纳米颗粒也不可避免地进入了土壤环境,对土壤造成污染,其在地球各圈层中循环并进入植物及动物体内,最终可能富集于人体并造成危害.根据文献调研,目前国内外的相关研究大多聚焦于纳米颗粒的生物毒性和环境行为方面,其对土壤性质影响的研究尚不完善,现有的土壤健康评价体系也极少考虑纳米颗粒对土壤环境的破坏.而纳米颗粒会影响土壤力学性能以及pH、氧化还原电位、阳离子交换量等化学性质,并对土壤动物及微生物种群结构及代谢组学特性造成较大影响;同时,纳米颗粒也会通过环境地球化学循环在土壤中迁移、转化和积累,故有必要深入探究其对土壤的污染与生态环境的破坏机理.基于目前的土壤评价体系,未来需针对纳米颗粒产生的污染及风险进行系统性评估,选取不依赖于NPs种类的普适性土壤性质指标,并重点将土壤无脊椎动物生理指标及土壤原生动物性质等生物指标纳入评价体系中;此外,也仍需对纳米颗粒造成的长期污染与空间迁移进行探究,同步借助相关仪器对土壤中纳米颗粒的浓度及种类进行评估,并结合机器学习、模型模拟与地理技术完善评估结果,使评估结果更为客观.
Nanoparticles(NPs)are widely used as nano fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture due to their unique physical and chemical properties.Consequently,some of these nanoparticles inevitably enter the soil environment and cause soil contamination.Their circulation through all areas of the planet and subsequent entry into plants and animals may eventually accumulate in humans,causing potential harm.Although current domestic and international literature mainly focuses on the biotoxicity and environmental behavior of nanoparticles,their comprehensive impact on soil health and environmental risks remains inadequately understood.Furthermore,the existing soil health assessment frameworks also do not adequately consider the damaging effects of nanoparticles on soil environment.Nanoparticles not only affect soil mechanical properties,but also affect various chemical properties of soil,including pH,redox potential,cation exchange capacity,etc.They also notably affect the population structures and metabolome characteristics of soil organisms and microorganisms.In addition,they undergo migration,transformation,and accumulation within the geochemical cycles in environmental soils.Therefore,it is imperative to conduct in-depth research on their soil pollution and ecological damage.At the same time,future efforts must systematically assess nanoparticle contamination and risks based on the current soil assessment framework.This will require the identification of universally applicable soil property indicators that are independent of NP types.It is crucial to incorporate biological indicators such as physiological indicators of soil invertebrates and the properties of soil protozoa into the assessment framework.Long-term contamination and spatial migration of nanoparticles still need to be investigated.Utilizing relevant instrumentation to assess the concentrations and types of nanoparticles in soil,while supplementing these assessments by integrating advances in machine learning,modelling simulations,and geotechnologies will enha
作者
宋哲楷
张小凯
何锋
贾哲敏
SONG Zhekai;ZHANG Xiaokai;HE Feng;JIA Zhemin(Research Center of Low-Carbon Technology and Sustainable Development,School of Environment and Ecology,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China;Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China)
出处
《环境科学研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第5期1080-1091,共12页
Research of Environmental Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.42377479)。
关键词
纳米颗粒
土壤健康
毒性
土壤污染
nanoparticles
soil health
toxicity
soil pollution
