摘要
水价是促进水资源合理配置的一个重要杠杆,关系到经济社会的健康发展,科学合理制定水价是实现健康有序发展的核心。当前我国水价的制定由于核准机制难以统一、成本形成时间不同、多水源-多用户的科学比价关系尚未建立等原因难以解决复杂的水资源配置问题。为推进分质供水和再生水利用,实现优质优价,发挥水价机制在多水源配置中的调节作用,建立科学合理的多水源-多用户均衡水价体系势在必行。本文从水价定价市场化的视角出发,充分考虑了多水源市场的供需状况、供求主体和其地因素在多水源定价过程中的作用机理,并以义乌市为例,构建地方政府、供水企业与用水户分别居于主导的Stackelberg博弈模型,对比分析了3个主体在不同情况下的均衡价格与收益。结果表明:在用水户占主导的情况下,多水源水价价格最低,供水企业占主导地位的情况下,总体收益最高,得到的价格体系为水库水-居民用户5.63元/m^(3),水库水-非居民用户6.20元/m^(3),水库水-特种用户6.21元/m^(3),河道水-非居民用户3.34元/m^(3),再生水-居民用户2.95元/m^(3),再生水-非居民用户3.06元/m^(3)。此价格体系可以实现供水企业盈利合理、用水户支付合理和水资源配置合理的均衡目标,为实现水资源市场化定价提供理论依据,同时为这一领域的后续研究提供思路参考。
Water pricing is a crucial lever for promoting the rational allocation of water resources,which is related to the healthy development of the economy and society.Scientifically and reasonably determining water prices is the core of achieving healthy and orderly development.Currently,the formulation of water prices in China is difficult to unify due to the complex approval mechanism,different formation times of costs,and the lack of a scientific cost-benefit relationship between multiple water sources and multiple users.To promote quality-based supply of water and utilization of recycled water,to achieve high-quality and low-cost water,to play the role of water price mechanisms in the complex configuration of multiple water sources,it is imperative to establish a scientific and reasonable water price equilibrium system for multiple water sources and multiple users.This article starts from the perspective of water price marketization,fully considers the supply and demand conditions of the multi-water source market,the role mechanism of supply and demand subjects and their geographical factors in the multi-water source pricing process.Taking Yiwu City as an example,this article constructs a Stackelberg game model between local governments,water supply enterprises,and water users respectively in the leading position,and compares and analyzes the equilibrium prices and benefits of the three subjects under different conditions.The results show that under the condition that water users dominate,the price of multi-water sources is the lowest,and under the condition that water supply enterprises dominate,the overall benefits are the highest,and the price system obtained is as follows:the price of water from water storage—resident users is 5.63 CNY/m^(3);the price of water from water storage—non-resident users is 6.20 CNY/m^(3);the price of water from water storage—special users is 6.21 CNY/m^(3);the price of river water—non-resident users is 3.34 CNY/m^(3);the price of recycled water—resident users is 2.95 CNY/m^
作者
刘尚彬
胡彩虹
王士武
郭溪
牛超杰
全李宇
李铭
LIU Shang-bin;HU Cai-hong;WANG Shi-wu;GUO Xi;NIU Chao-jie;QUAN Li-yu;LI Ming(School of Water Conservancy and Transportation,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,Henan Province,China;Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics and Estuary,Hangzhou 310020,Zhejiang Province,China)
出处
《中国农村水利水电》
北大核心
2024年第5期169-175,共7页
China Rural Water and Hydropower
基金
国家自然科学基金黄河水科学研究联合基金(U2243219)
南方城乡生活节水和污水再生利用关键技术研发与集成示范(2019YFC0408800)。
