摘要
2022年,中国从力拓、淡水河谷、必和必拓、FMG世界4大矿业公司进口铁矿石8.66亿t,占中国进口铁矿石总量的78%。作为中国钢铁工业最重要的铁矿石原料供应商,4大铁矿石矿业公司积极参与钢铁工业脱碳减排的战略。通过介绍4大铁矿石矿业公司的脱碳目标、路径和相应的资金支持计划,阐释矿业公司作为原材料供应商的产品延伸责任、共同推动全球市场和政策对气候变化所采取的行动。矿业公司正聚焦于高品质铁矿资源的开发和通过选矿对低品位铁矿进行提纯等方式为中国钢铁企业提供高品位含铁原料以降低炼铁工艺过程的碳排放。此外,淡水河谷公司通过冷压+干燥工艺生产“绿色压块”,以期部分替代传统烧结矿或者球团矿作为炉料,以降低造块过程的碳排放。另一方面,随着中国钢铁工业向更加低碳的短流程电炉炼钢发展,铁矿石矿业公司通过使用氢气或者生物质能结合直接还原技术为钢铁企业提供绿色生铁等方式积极布局这一产业链的变革,代表性的工艺技术包括HYFOR绿色炼铁工艺、Tenored工艺、直接还原+电熔炉冶炼工艺等。另外,也有矿业公司正在寻求由单纯的矿业公司向绿色能源供应公司转变,以期在绿电、绿氢和绿氨等能源项目上有所突破。4大矿业公司的脱碳减排战略及成效将对中国钢铁工业产生深远的影响。
In 2022,China imported 866 Mt of iron ore from Rio Tinto,Vale,BHP and FMG,accounting for 78%of its total iron ore imports.As the most important raw material supplier,the big four mining companies actively participating in the decarbonization process in steel industry.The big four iron ore mining companies had issued their decarbonization targets,pathways and the corresponding finance budget.It's a kind of actions to extend responsibility as a raw material supplier to respond the climate change and policy for the global market.Mining companies are focusing on developing high-quality iron ores and purifying low-grade iron ores through beneficiation to provide high-grade materials for steel mills to reduce carbon emissions in ironmaking process.In addition,Vale plans to produce"green briquette"through cold pressing+drying process to partially replace traditional sinter or pellets as blast furnace burden,so as to reduce carbon emissions in agglomeration process.On the other hand,with the development of China steel industry towards EAF process,mining companies actively layout the transformation by using hydrogen or biomass energy in combination with direct reduction technology to provide green pig iron for steel mills.Representative technologies including HYFOR green ironmaking process,Tenored process,direct reduction+electric smelting furnace process,etc.Besides,some companies also seek for the change from a pure mining company to green energy supplier with the breakthrough in green electricity,green H2 and green ammonia projects.The decarbonization strategies and results of big four mining companies will have a profound impact on China steel industry.
作者
朱德庆
李晓波
潘建
郭正启
杨聪聪
ZHU Deqing;LI Xiaobo;PAN Jian;GUO Zhengqi;YANG Congcong(School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China)
出处
《钢铁》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期1-8,共8页
Iron and Steel
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52274343)。
关键词
铁矿石
矿业公司
脱碳
发展趋势
高品铁矿
直接还原
iron ore
mining company
de-carbonization
trend
high grade iron ore
direct reduction
