摘要
为更好地把握不同时期湖南省奥运冠军的成才特征,推动湖南省奥运冠军培养的可持续发展,采用文献资料法,从年龄、性别、时空分布、项群分布四个维度归纳了湖南省奥运冠军在1984~2020年奥运会中的成长特征,并挖掘其成长的社会环境影响因素。研究表明:湖南省奥运冠军呈现出夺冠低龄化和部分项目高龄化特征;性别比例呈“男多女少”趋势;历届夺冠数趋于相对较低的稳定状态;空间分布差异明显,主要集中在东部偏北(长沙);同一项群内的项目发展不均衡。研究认为:地理位置、经济水平、文化及政策背景是影响奥运冠军成长的主要社会环境因素。研究建议:进一步加强对湖南省优势项目的推广与普及力度;以各优势项目的主要发展城市和区域为中心,向周边城市和区域散发“辐射”效应,形成一个近距离的优势项目发展集群;根据项群理论,可以考虑将快速力量性项群的三级跳远项目,难美性项群的蹦床、花样游泳项目,作为湖南的潜优势项目来发展扶持;进一步提升选苗与育苗的科学性,进一步完善湖南省优势与潜优势项目发展的政策。
In order to better grasp the talent characteristics of Hunan Olympic champions in different periods and promote the sustainable development of the training of Olympic champions in Hunan Province,the literature method is used to summarize the growth characteristics of Olympic champions in Hunan Province in the 1984~2020 Olympic Games from four dimensions:age,gender,temporal and spatial distribution and item group distribution,and explore the social and environmental impact factors of growth.The results show that the Olympic champions of Hunan Province show the characteristics of young age in winning championships and advanced age in some events.The sex ratio shows a trend of“more men than women”.The number of previous championships tends to be relatively low and stable.The spatial distribution was obvious,mainly concentrated in the north-eastern part of Changsha.The development of projects within the same group is uneven.The study believes that geographical location,economic level,cultural and policy background are the main social and environmental factors affecting the growth of Olympic champions.Research suggestions that further strengthen the promotion and popularization of advantageous projects in Hunan Province.Meanwhile,we should focus on the main development cities and regions of each advantageous project,radiate the“radiation”effects to surrounding cities and regions,and form a cluster of advantageous project development in close proximity.According to the theory of the item group,the triple jump project of the fast strength category,the trampoline and synchronized swimming events of the difficult beauty group can be considered as the potential advantage projects in Hunan to develop and support.And further improve the scientificity of seedling selection and seedlings,and further improve the policy of the development of advantageous and potential advantageous projects in Hunan Province.
作者
辜德宏
喻靖
黄强
石添麟
GU De-hong;YU Jing;HUANG Qiang;SHI Tian-lin(Hunan Normal University Institute of Physical Education,Changsha 410081,China;The Physical Education Department of Sun-Yat Sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)
出处
《宜春学院学报》
2024年第3期84-89,共6页
Journal of Yichun University
基金
湖南省社会科学成果评审委员会项目“湖南省优势项目奥运冠军的成长特征与现实启示”(编号:XSP21YBZ166)
湖南师范大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(编号:2023104)。
关键词
竞技体育
奥运冠军
成长特征
湖南省
competitive sports
Olympic champion
growth characteristics
Hunan province
