摘要
气候变化给青藏高原带来显著影响,更是对当地农牧民的生计造成冲击,研究当地气候变化影响及牧民应对策略,不仅是提高气候变化适应能力的起点,也是建立适应气候变化区域格局的重要支撑。基于2020和2023年对案例地Z村的两次实地调研,通过牧户问卷调查和深度访谈,按照适应性治理的三层特征,分析当地气候变化适应的成效与挑战。研究发现:面对降水和气温的变化、湖面扩大、植被变化和灾害影响,牧民积极采取多种办法来减少气候变化的影响,呈现较高的适应性与恢复力。这些适应行动的成功经验源于“里和”,包括人与人之间的合作以及人与自然间的和谐律动。但是“外应”不足仍是挑战,即案例地缺少必要的外部支持,不仅包括直接灾害救助,还包括对其适应能力可持续性的保护和应对潜在的草原生态变化。如果“外应”持续低迷,现有的适应能力终会耗尽。提出建立适应气候变化区域格局应遵循多中心治理的思路,将多个利益相关者联合起来,汇总不同地区气候变化应对的成功经验,形成多种知识的融合,才能形成对地方的有效“外应”,提高中国气候变化适应能力。
Climate change has brought significant impacts to the Qinghai Tibet Plateau,and has also had an impact on the livelihoods of local farmers and herdsmen.Studying the impact of local climate change and herdsmen′s response strategies is not only the starting point for improving climate change adaptation capacity,but also an important support for establishing a regional pattern for adapting to climate change.Based on two field investigations of Z village in 2020 and 2023,and through questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews with herders,this study analyzes the effectiveness and challenges of local climate change adaptation according to the three-layer characteristics of adaptive governance.Research has found that in the face of changes in precipitation and temperature,lake expansion,vegetation changes,and disaster impacts,herdsmen actively adopt various methods to reduce the impact of climate change,demonstrating high adaptability and resilience.The successful experiences of these adaptation actions stem from"inner harmony",including cooperation between people and the harmonious rhythm between humans and nature.However,the lack of external support is still a challenge,as the case study lacks necessary external support,including not only direct disaster relief,but also protection of its adaptability and sustainability,as well as response to potential grassland ecological changes.If the external application continues to be sluggish,the existing adaptability will eventually be exhausted.It is proposed that the establishment of a regional pattern for adapting to climate change should follow the idea of multi center governance,unite multiple stakeholders,summarize successful experiences in climate change response in different regions,and form a fusion of multiple knowledge in order to form effective"external responses"to local areas and improve China′s climate change adaptation capacity.
作者
张倩
扎登太
ZHANG Qian;Zhadengtai(Institute of Sociology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China;Institute for Strengthening the Awareness of the Sense of Community for the Chinese Nation,Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou 730030,China)
出处
《北京工业大学学报（社会科学版）》
北大核心
2024年第3期14-28,共15页
Journal of Beijing University of Technology (Social Sciences Edition)
关键词
气候变化
适应性治理
多中心治理
区域格局
雪灾
climate change
adaptive governance
multi center governance
regional pattern
snow disaster
