摘要
深海水下技术装备是认知深海、开发深海资源以及保护海洋生态的关键,拓展深海新空间面临复杂多变的环境挑战,亟需高水平的深海水下技术装备作支撑。本文立足我国海洋强国建设的发展实际,分析了深海水下技术装备的体系构成和发展需求,从深海观测/探测与感知系统、水下施工作业装备、深海水下油气生产系统、深海矿产资源开发装备4个方面出发,梳理了国外深海水下技术装备的发展现状和趋势。在此基础上,总结了我国深海水下技术装备研制的发展现状,分析了发展面临的工程挑战,剖析了相关关键技术装备体系和关键物理–力学机制,概括了深海水下技术装备的典型装备代表和装备图谱,凝练了我国深海水下技术装备的共性关键技术,涵盖智能化与自动化技术、精密元器件加工制造技术、高精度定位导航、高速率通信技术、大系统力学计算与分析和跨尺度工程设计方法与技术等方面。为实现我国深海水下技术装备的高质量发展,研究建议:加强深海水下工程技术发展的顶层设计,推动构建共性关键技术协作体系;增强我国深海水下技术规范和标准的行业影响力,大力开拓国际市场;高质量推进兼容通用的平台建设;注重培养深海水下工程科技创新人才,为加速实现海洋科技产业高水平发展提供支撑。
Deep-sea underwater technology and equipment are crucial aspects to cognize the deep sea,exploit deep-sea resources,and protect the marine ecosystem.Expanding the deep-sea space faces complex environmental challenges and urgently requires support of high-level deep-sea underwater technologies and equipment.This study analyzes the components and demands for the deep-sea underwater technology and equipment and reviews the current status and development trends of the technology and equipment from four aspects:deep-sea observation/detection and perception,underwater construction,deep-sea oil and gas production,and deep-sea mineral resource collection.Moreover,this study analyzes the development status and engineering challenges in China,explores the key technology and equipment systems and key physical–mechanical mechanisms behind them,and summarizes the typical equipment and corresponding diagram.Additionally,the common key technologies of the deep-sea underwater equipment in China are summarized,including the intelligent and automation technology,precision component processing and manufacturing technology,high-precision positioning and navigation technology,high-speed communication technology,computational and analytical mechanics of large systems,and multiscale engineering design methods and technologies.Furthermore,countermeasures and suggestions are proposed aiming at achieving high-quality development of the deep-sea underwater technology and equipment in China:strengthening the top-level design of deep-sea underwater engineering to promote the establishment of a coordinating system for common key technologies,enhancing the industry influence of Chinese deep-sea underwater technical standards to explore the international market,promoting the construction of compatible and universal platforms with high quality,and training innovation professionals to provide support for the high-level development of the marine science and technology industry.
作者
陈旭光
寇海磊
牛小东
王传荣
张林强
李华军
Chen Xuguang;Kou Haiei;Niu Xiaodong;Wang Chuanrong;Zhang Linqiang;Li Huajun(College of Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,Shandong,China;China Ship Research and Development Academy,Beijing 100101,China)
出处
《中国工程科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第2期1-14,共14页
Strategic Study of CAE
基金
中国工程院咨询项目“水下工程技术装备与产业链发展战略研究”(2023-XZ-32)
“深海装备技术体系及发展战略研究”(2023-XZ-06)。
关键词
深海装备
关键技术
观测/探测与感知
水下施工
油气生产
深海采矿
deep-sea equipment
key technology
observation,detection,and perception
underwater construction
oil and gas production
deep-sea mining
