摘要
随着老龄化加深和城市化进程加速,为照顾第三代、支持子女事业而来到城市的流动老人规模逐渐增大,语言障碍、生活习惯差异和亲朋远离等原因使他们的精神健康面临较大挑战。文章基于北京市大兴区60岁及以上流动老人开展的精神健康问卷调查数据,利用工具变量(2SLS-IV)和中介效应(KHB)等方法,研究了隔代照料对超大城市流动老人抑郁症状风险的影响,并探索中介机制。结果发现:(1)隔代照料能显著降低流动老人的抑郁症状风险;(2)当照料强度超过一周五天时,隔代照料的积极影响会减弱、消失甚至变为负面影响;(3)隔代照料、照料强度对70岁及以上流动老人抑郁症状风险的影响更为突出,在不同性别、不同来京时长流动老人之间,没有显著差异。(4)隔代照料会通过增进流动老人与孙子女的情感互动、增加子女的情感支持、促进流动老人社会活动参与,降低其抑郁症状风险。其中,与孙子女情感互动对中介效应的贡献最大。研究关注了流动老人这一日益壮大群体的精神健康,同时从与孙子女情感互动角度,进一步丰富了对隔代照料影响流动老人抑郁症状风险的作用机制的认识。基于此,让流动老人适当参与隔代照料,与年轻的父母一代共同照料第三代家庭成员,不仅有利于释放“银发红利”和缓解超大城市托育资源匮乏问题,也能满足流动老人情感需求,让其享天伦之乐。
With the increasing aging population and rapid urbanization,there is a growing number of elderly individu⁃als who migrate to cities to support their children's careers and take care of the third generation.However,they face significant challenges to their mental health due to language barriers,differences in lifestyle habits,and separation from their relatives and friends.Based on the survey conducted on elderly migrants aged 60 and above in Daxing Dis⁃trict,Beijing,this article utilizes instrumental variable analysis(2SLS-IV)and mediation analysis(KHB)to study the impact of grandchild care on the risk of depression symptoms among elderly people in super cities and explore the mediating mechanisms.It is found that:(1)grandchild care can effectively reduce the risk of depression symptoms in elderly migrants;(2)Nevertheless,when the intensity of care exceeds five days a week,the positive impact of grand⁃child care weakens,disappears,or even becomes negative,(3)The influence of grandchild care and care intensity on the risk of depression symptoms is more pronounced among elderly migrants aged 70 and above,with no significant dif⁃ferences based on gender or duration of stay in Beijing;(4)The reduction in the risk of depression symptoms in elderly migrants through grandchild care is achieved by enhancing emotional interaction with grandchildren,increasing emo⁃tional support from children,and promoting their social participation.Among these factors,emotional interaction with grandchildren contributes the most to the mediating effect.Unlike previous studies,this article focuses on the mental health of elderly migrants,a growing population group,and further enriches the understanding of the mechanisms through which grandchild care influences the risk of depression symptoms among elderly migrants from the perspective of emotional interaction with grandchildren.Based on this,the article suggests that involving elderly migrants in grand⁃child care and jointly caring for the third generation with young parents no
作者
李卓
姚丹
朱萍
罗雅楠
LI Zhuo;YAO Dan;ZHU Ping;LUO Ya-nan(School of Social Sciences,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,100176,China;Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai,200025,China;Department of Global Health,School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing,100191,China)
出处
《西北人口》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第3期104-116,共13页
Northwest Population Journal
基金
国家社科基金青年项目:超大城市流动人口的精神健康风险评估与应对策略研究(21CRK014)。
关键词
超大城市
流动老人
隔代照料
抑郁症状风险
影响机制
Megacities
Elderly Migrants
Grandchild Care
Risk of Depressive Symptoms
Effect Mechanism
