摘要
版权交易的权利与版权法表述的权利常有不一致。这种约定是否有效,是实务中的常见问题。解决这一问题,需要厘清版权法定与版权交易的意思自治之间的关系。版权法定主义体现了作品利益的分配正义。意思自治不能打破版权法定所维持的利益分配关系,不能违反公共利益的设定。但是,对已有的版权权项进行合法分割与重组,对立法授权创设并在司法实践中接受公共利益检验的权利或法益进行约定,符合已经设定的私人利益与公共利益的关系框架,并不违反版权法定,因而此项约定应当是有效的。将版权法明确排除的利益创设为权利,以及将未上升为权利的法益创设为绝对权,则是侵犯了公共利益,相应的约定应当无效。依照意思自治设定的版权专有许可,看似违反版权法定主义创设了对世权,实则是版权固有权项的委托行使,专有许可约定也应当是有效的。
The right involved in copyright transaction often differs from the right expressed in copyright law,posing a common issue regarding the validity of such agreements in practice.To address this problem,it is necessary to clarify the relationship between copyright by operation of law and the private autonomy in copyright transaction.Copyright by operation of law embodies the fair distribution of interests in works.Private autonomy cannot break the profit distribution relationship maintained by copyright law,nor can it violate the public interest considerations.However,agreements involving the lawful division and reorganization of existing copyright rights and the rights or legal interests created by legislation authorization and tested by public interest in judicial practice,which align with the established framework of the relationship between private and public interests,do not violate copyright laws and should therefore be deemed valid.In contrast,agreements infringing upon public interests should be deemed invalid,such as establishing rights based on interests that are explicitly excluded by copyright law or creating absolute rights based on legal interests that have not been stipulated as rights.The exclusive license of copyright established on the principle of private autonomy may seem to violate the principle of copyright by operation of law and create an absolute right.Essentially,it is a delegated exercise of the inherent copyrights.Therefore,exclusive license agreements should also be considered valid.
出处
《中国版权》
2024年第2期51-62,共12页
China Copyright
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“传统媒体和新兴媒体融合发展中的版权授权机制研究”(项目编号:16CXW011)的阶段性成果。
关键词
版权法定
版权交易
意思自治
专有许可
copyright by operation of law
copyright trading
private autonomy
exclusive license
