摘要
本文旨在研究荷斯坦奶牛初生重和哺乳期日增重对其未来产奶量的影响。本研究收集了来自我国5个万头荷斯坦奶牛牧场2019—2022年累积的1517440条日产奶量记录、62094条产犊难易性评分记录以及45060条初生重和断奶重记录,利用SAS 9.1软件的一般线性模型(GLM)过程对日产奶量影响因素进行方差分析,包括产犊场年季、胎次、初生重、哺乳期日增重、泌乳阶段、公畜以及胎次与初生重和哺乳期日增重之间的互作效应,获得不同初生重和哺乳期日增重对应未来各胎次日产奶量的最小二乘平均值,并进行Bonferroni多重比较。结果表明:1)产犊场年季、胎次、初生重、哺乳期日增重、泌乳阶段、公畜以及胎次与初生重和哺乳期日增重之间的互作效应对日产奶量均有极显著影响(P<0.01)。2)随着初生重的增加,各胎次日产奶量表现为上升趋势,犊牛未来日产奶量在初生重为44~48 kg时表现较优,但当初生重≥46 kg时,成母牛顺产率下降幅度明显。3)当哺乳期日增重为800~850 g时,各胎次日产奶量显著高于其他水平哺乳期日增重(P<0.05)。由此可见,荷斯坦奶牛犊牛初生重为44~46 kg,哺乳期日增重为800~850 g时,有助于提高其未来日产奶量。
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of birth weight and daily weight gain during lactation on future milk production of Holstein dairy cows.In this study,1517440 daily milk production records,62094 calving difficulty score records and 45060 birth and weaning weight records were collected from 5 ten-thousand scale Holstein dairy cattle farms in China during 2019—2022.The general linear model(GLM)process of SAS 9.1 software was used to analyze the variance of factors affecting daily milk production,including calving season,parity,birth weight,daily weight gain during lactation,lactation stage,sire and the interaction between parity with birth weight and daily gain during lactation.The least square means of different birth weights and daily gain during lactation corresponding to the daily milk production of all future parities were obtained,and Bonferroni multiple comparisons were conducted.The results showed as follows:1)the calving season,parity,birth weight,daily weight gain during lactation,lactation stage,sire and the interaction between parity with birth weight and daily weight gain during lactation had extremely significant effects on daily milk production(P<0.01).2)With the increase of birth weight,the daily milk production of each parity showed an upward trend,and the future daily milk production of calves was better when the birth weight was 44 to 48 kg,but the eutocia rate of adult cows was significantly decreased when the birth weight was≥46 kg.3)When the daily weight gain during lactation was 800 to 850 g,the future daily milk production of each parity was significantly higher than that of the other levels of daily weight gain during lactation(P<0.05).In conclusion,when the birth weight of Holstein dairy calves is 44 to 46 kg and the daily weight gain during lactation is 800 to 850 g,the future daily milk production can be improved.
作者
王月强
张敏
金磊
华金玲
WANG Yueqiang;ZHANG Min;JIN Lei;HUA Jinling(College of Animal Science,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Chuzhou 233199,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期2425-2433,共9页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目——DHI对奶牛场生产性能分析及优化方案示范(202204c06020055)。
关键词
荷斯坦奶牛
初生重
哺乳期日增重
产奶量
Holstein dairy cows
birth weight
daily weight gain during lactation
milk production
