摘要
1928年秋,以西北地区为中心,中国北方暴发了特大旱灾,次生及衍生灾害更是遍及全国。此时“二次北伐”结束不久,盘踞西北的冯玉祥为赈济灾民,也为巩固实力,积极促成国民政府于1929年1月发行赈灾公债。而蒋介石也想以此重塑政府权威,于是成立全国赈灾委员会作为统一的赈灾机构,并采取一系列筹赈措施,如财政拔款、各省援助、捐体助赈等,却发现只有发行公债的效率最高,筹款最多。尽管由于国家信用的缺失和蒋冯关系的恶化,使得公债在发行时效和额度、分配比例、实际所得等方面深受制约,但作为一种现代化的金融手段,它可以在尽量不影响赈灾效率的情况下,将实际所得稳定在面值的2/3左右,促使政府筹赈款项从百万提升到千万量级,是当时最重要的赈款来源,“举债赈灾”遂成惯例。
In the Autumn of 1928,a severe drought broke out in the northwest region of China,and secondary and derivative disasters spread throughout the country.At this time,Feng Yuxiang,who was entrenched in the northwest,actively promoted the issuance of relief bonds by the National Government in January 1929 in order to provide relief to the victims and consolidate his strength.Chiang Kai-shek also wanted to restore the authority of the government in this way,so he established the National Disaster Relief Committee as a unified relief organization,and adopted a series of fundraising measures,such as financial allocation,provincial aid,and donations,but found that only the issuance of public bonds was the most efficient and the most fund-raising.Although the lack of national credit and the deterioration of the relationship between Jiang and Feng were deeply restricted in terms of issuance timeliness,quota,distribution ratio and actual income,as a modern financial means,it could stabilize the actual income at about 2/3 of the face value without affecting the efficiency of relief as much as possible,prompting the government to raise funds more than tens of millions,which was the most important source of relief at that time,and became a common practice.
作者
赵海峰
朱正业
Zhao Haifeng;Zhu Zhengye
出处
《中国经济史研究》
北大核心
2024年第2期164-177,共14页
Researches in Chinese Economic History
基金
国家杜科基金重大项目“民国时期淮河流域灾害文献搜集,整理与数据库建设”(批准号:182DA196)阶段性成果。
关键词
赈灾公债
西北旱灾
赈灾委员会
冯玉祥
许世英
Relief Bonds
Morthwest Drought
National Disaster Relief Committee
Feng Yuxiang
Xu Shiying
