摘要
城市公交电动化可以有效缓解燃油车带来的空气污染和对化石能源的依赖,是公交行业发展的必然趋势。为此,将电动公交车队置换与充电设施布局进行统筹优化,以公交车队全生命周期成本和充电设施布局成本之和最小化为目标,基于时间和空间维度,构建电动公交车队置换与充电设施布局协同优化模型。根据模型特点,通过等价线性变换,将协同优化模型转换为混合整数线性规划模型。为验证协同优化模型的有效性,以江苏省江阴市公交网络为例,设计不同参数值情形下的数值试验。研究结果表明:在本案例参数设置下,协同优化决策获得的公交车队置换方案和充电设施布局方案比单独优化方案的总成本减少467 044.3元,具有较好的成本效益。在预算有限且排放限制要求不严格的情况下,公交运营商通常会购买更有价格优势的燃油公交车。随着电池技术的进步,电动公交车的采购价格有望下降,公交运营商会逐渐减少燃油车和混合动力车的购买,转而选择更环保的电动公交车。此外,公交车队的电动化进程需要与充电设施的建设相协调匹配,确保充电设施能够满足电动公交车的充电需求。政府可以通过增加CO_(2)的社会成本,促使运营商加速公交车队的电动化进程。研究成果为城市公交车队运营管理和充电基础设施建设提供了决策支持,为推进城市公交电动化进程提供了政策建议。
The electrification of urban public transportation represents an imperative trend in the development of the public transit sector, offering a means to effectively mitigate air pollution caused by fuel-powered vehicles and reduce dependency on fossil fuels. In this study, we integrated the replacement of electric bus fleet and the layout of charging facilities, aimed at formulating a holistic solution for urban public transportation electrification. To minimize the combined life-cycle costs of the electric bus fleet and the layout costs of charging facilities led to the development of an integrated optimization model. This model coordinates the replacement of electric bus fleet and the layout of charging facilities, taking into consideration both temporal and spatial dimensions. Leveraging the characteristics of the model, the collaborative optimization model was transformed into a mixed-integer linear programming model using equivalence-linear transformation. To validate the applicability of the collaborative optimization model, numerical experiments with different parameter values were conducted using the public transportation network in Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province as a case study. The research results indicate that under the specified parameter configuration, the collaborative optimization solution yields a reduction of 467 044.3 RMB in the total cost of the combined bus fleet replacement and charging facility layout compared to separate optimization strategies. This demonstrates better cost-effectiveness of the collaborative optimization method. When budget is limited and emission restrictions are not strict, public transportation operators tend to purchase fuel-powered buses that have a price advantage. As battery technology advances, the anticipated decrease in the purchase price of electric buses is poised to drive a gradual decline in the procurement of fuel-powered and hybrid buses. This shift reflects a growing preference for more environmentally friendly electric buses. Furthermore, the electrificat
作者
王玉生
罗欣欣
单香琦
WANG Yu-sheng;LUO Xin-xin;SHAN Xiang-qi(School of Management Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,Jiangsu,China)
出处
《中国公路学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期72-83,共12页
China Journal of Highway and Transport
基金
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(71801135)。
关键词
交通工程
公交电动化
协同优化模型
公交车队置换
充电设施布局
traffic engineering
electrification of public transportation
collaborative optimization model
bus fleet transition
charging facility layout
