摘要
在《阿Q正传》诞生初期的阐释史上,周作人写作的同题评论文章发挥着至关重要的导向作用,成为推动鲁迅小说“经典化”的关键环节。面对“索引癖”式的接受语境对于文本的误解,周作人以舶来的知识系统为“讽刺”之概念正名,将它从晚清以降文坛的污名化理解中打捞出来,并且以之为契机从观念上撬动层年累月塑造的文类习见与文学成规。周作人对讽刺中“类型描写”的概括则开辟了文学典型性的论域,使得《阿Q正传》能够摆脱驱遣一己私意的指摘,创造出一条具备强大公共效力,凝聚时代共名的意义路径。在这种分析思路的干预下,读者能够从作品中看取与“五四”初期纯粹生命主体不同的社会性主体形象,后者以“复数”而非“单体”的形式出现。“阿Q”的典型性不仅意味着它是一个指涉中国社会“真实性”的文化能指,更在于知识者围绕此一形象的思想阐释,能够激发出改变现实的“方向性”力量。
In the history of the interpretation of The True Story of Ah Q at the early stage of its birth,the critical articles written by Zhou Zuoren with the same title played a key guiding role and promoted the generation of the classic reading path of Lu Xun's novels.In the face of the misunderstanding of the text in the context of“index fetish”,Zhou Zuoren legitimized the concept of“satire”with the imported knowledge system,salvaged it from the stigmatized understanding in the literary world of late Qing Dynasty,and used it as an opportunity to conceptually move the literary style and literary conventions shaped by years and months.Zhou Zuoren's generalization of"type description"in satire opens up the field of literary typicality,which enables this novel of Lu Xun to get rid of the criticism of driving one's own personal intention and create a meaning path with strong public effect and condensing the common name of the times.With the intervention of this analysis,readers can see from the works the social subject image which is different from the pure life subject in the early period of the May Fourth Movement,and the latter appears in the form of“plural”rather than“single”.The typicality of“Ah Q”not only means that it is a cultural signifier referring to the“authenticity”of Chinese society,but also that intellectuals'ideological interpretation around this image can stimulate the“directional”power to change reality.
出处
《南京师范大学文学院学报》
2024年第1期104-113,共10页
Journal of School of Chinese Language and Culture Nanjing Normal University
关键词
周作人
鲁迅
《阿Q正传》
讽刺
类型
Zhou Zuoren
Lu Xun
The True Story of Ah Q
satire
type
