摘要
我国自然保护区经过60余年建设,在维护国家生态安全、保护生物多样性、保存自然遗产和改善生态环境质量等方面发挥着重要作用。研究系统整理了我国现有2672个自然保护区空间分布数据,形成了较为完整的空间信息数据库,从发展历程、保护类型、建设规模等方面进行了特征统计。运用地理集中指数和核密度指数等方法,对全国自然保护区从海陆分布、省级分布、时空分布、集聚分布等不同维度进行了空间分布特征分析。结果表明:(1)我国自然保护区数量和类型丰富,大致经历了“起步-停滞缓慢发展-稳步发展-快速发展-稳固完善”的5个发展阶段,以中小型的森林生态系统、野生动物、内陆湿地和水域生态系统自然保护区为主;(2)空间上为集聚分布,省域分布差异悬殊,沿“胡焕庸线”呈“西少东多、西聚东散”的特点;(3)不同类型和管理级别的自然保护区分布集群态势差异明显,形成了黄山-怀玉山、粤东北丘陵、南岭、武夷山等11个显著聚集区;(4)建设规模和连片聚集效应自西向东呈递减趋势,与我国地形的三级阶梯构造变化趋势存在紧密联系。最后,本文讨论了形成我国现有自然保护区空间格局的主要原因,包括客观自然条件及主观人为等因素,并结合我国自然保护区空间分布和建设发展中存在的问题进行了分析,从建立布局完善和海陆统筹的保护区网络,科学界定保护地类型,逐步优化自然保护区边界及稳步提升科研监测成效等方面提出了发展建议。在我国自然保护地体系由自然保护区向国家公园为主体的全面深化改革阶段,本研究弥补了现有研究成果的局限性和时效性问题,以期为未来自然保护区的空间布局优化及发展提供科学参考。
After over 60 years of construction,China′s nature reserves have played a vital role in maintaining national ecological security,protecting biodiversity,preserving natural heritage,and improving the ecological and environmental quality.This paper has systematically sorted out the existing spatial distribution data of 2672 nature reserves in China(excluding Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan),formed a relatively complete geo⁃spatial database.Preliminary analysis was conducted on statistical characteristics from the aspects of development process,protection type,construction scale,etc.And the methods of geographical concentration index and kernel density index were used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of nature reserves from different dimensions,such as sea and land distribution,provincial distribution,temporal and spatial distribution,agglomeration distribution and so on.The results showed that:(1)China′s nature reserves were rich in number and type,roughly experienced five development stages of starting,slow development,steady development,rapid development,and stable and perfect stage.The main types of nature reserves were small and medium⁃sized forest ecosystem,wildlife,inland wetland and aquatic ecosystem.(2)They were spatially clustered with significantly provincial differences,showing the characteristics of less in the west and more in the east,and clustering in the west and scattering in the east along the Hu Huanyong Line.(3)There were obvious differences in the cluster trend among different types and management levels of nature reserves,forming 11 significant aggregation areas,such as Huangshan⁃Huaiyu Mountain,Northeast Guangdong Hills,Nanling,and Wuyi Mountain.(4)The construction scale and continuous aggregation effect of nature reserves decreased from west to east,which were closely related to the changing trend of the“three⁃step ladder”terrain structure in China.Finally,this paper discussed the main reasons for spatial pattern of existing nature reserves in China,including ob
作者
赵文飞
宗路平
王梦君
ZHAO Wenfei;ZONG Luping;WANG Mengjun(Southwest Survey and Planning Institute of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Kunming 650031,China;National Park Planning and Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Kunming 650031,China)
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第7期2786-2799,共14页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家公园与自然保护区关系研究(2018-R13)
国家林业和草原局西南调查规划院科技项目(2022-007)。
关键词
自然保护区
自然保护地体系
空间分布
核密度
nature reserves
natural protected areas system
spatial distribution
kernel density
