摘要
降低建筑行业碳排放是实现碳中和目标的重要举措.为避免环境负担转移、市场推广困难等问题,应从生命周期视角研究零碳建筑,并综合考虑建筑的环境和经济效益.本研究对中国国际太阳能十项全能竞赛作品RCELLS这一针对严寒地区设计的零碳独栋住宅实例进行了相对完整的生命周期环境影响和成本评价,并依据评价结果调整建筑配置以提升市场推广潜力.结果表明,通过被动式设计,R-CELLS建筑本体能效达到了近零能耗标准,其光伏发电量为用电量的5倍,并选用环境友好型材料以降低碳排放,建筑预期将在运行7年和15年后分别偿还碳排放和一次能源消耗,最终实现生命周期负碳排放和正能源,环境效益突出.R-CELLS建筑初始成本为2.38万元/m^(2),为了增加市场吸引力,研究分析R-CELLS的环境影响和成本构成,以在建筑生命周期(50年)内实现零碳排放和零一次能耗为前提,提出了两种减配方案:当仅调整可再生能源系统时,建筑初始成本降至2.25万元/m^(2);调整全部构件系统时,建筑初始成本降至1.03万元/m^(2).第2种减配方式对建筑经济效益提升显著.根据计算结果,结合相关研究综述,讨论了我国零碳建筑隐含碳排放限值的设置;对权衡环境和经济效益的零碳建筑决策方法提出建议,为未来零碳建筑性能评估和方案比选等提供了参考.
Reducing carbon emissions in the building sector is an important measure towards achieving the goal of carbon neutrality.To avoid issues such as environmental burden shifting and market promotion difficulties,zerocarbon buildings should be studied from of a life cycle perspective,and both their environmental and economic benefits should be considered.In this paper,the environmental impacts and cost of a zero-carbon single family residence R-CELLS,which was a competition entrant for Solar Decathlon China and designed for extremely cold regions,were evaluated in a relative complete life cycle,and adjustments to the building prototype were made to enhance its market promotion potential based on the evaluation.Results show that R-CELLS reached the nearly zero energy building standard through passive design,and its photovoltaic electricity generation capacity was nearly 5 times that of its electricity consumption.In addition,environmental-friendly materials were selected to reduce its carbon emissions.The building was expected to pay back carbon emissions and primary energy consumption after 7 and 15 years of operation,respectively.Ultimately,the building would achieve negative carbon emissions and positive energy,highlighting its environmental benefits.The initial cost of R-CELLS was 23800￥/m^(2),and to enhance its market attractiveness,two low-configuration scenarios were proposed based on the analysis of its environmental impacts and cost composition,with the premise of achieving zero carbon emission and zero primary energy consumption in its life cycle(50 years).When only the renewable energy system was adjusted,the initial cost was reduced to 22500￥/m^(2).When all the component systems were adjusted,the initial cost was reduced to 10300￥/m^(2).In comparison,the second scenario significantly enhanced the economic benefits of R-CELLS.Based on the calculation results and combined with the relevant reviews,the setting of embodied carbon emission benchmark for zero-carbon buildings in China was discussed,and rec
作者
毕雪皎
杨崴
李洁
李奇芫
Bi Xuejiao;Yang Wei;Li Jie;Li Qiyuan(School of Architecture,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)
出处
《天津大学学报（自然科学与工程技术版）》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第5期544-555,共12页
Journal of Tianjin University：Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51878436).
