德国联邦情报局境外通讯战略性监控及其监督的新进展

The New Development of the Federal Intelligence Agency's Outside Communication Strategic Surveillance and Its Oversight in German

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摘要 [研究目的]继2016年之后,德国联邦议会于2021年3月再次对《联邦情报局法》进行修改。该法对情报机构收集境外外国人情报采取与美国不同的立场。对德国联邦情报局境外通讯战略性监控及其监督的新进展进行研究能够把握域外大规模情报监控及其监督制约的最新动向。[研究方法]通过对比分析、规范分析,对德国联邦情报局境外通讯战略性监控及其监督机制进行系统梳理;通过理性思辨方法,对该制度的新进展进行评析。[研究结论]德国2021年修改的《联邦情报局法》以《基本法》域外效力为基础,从监控目的、具体事由、事前审批、监控所收集数据的处理与留存、特殊数据保护、监督机制等方面全面重构了境外通讯战略性监控制度,且基于《基本法》域外效力的区别立法具有正当性和合理性,但适应性测试、截取通讯量限制等制度在贯彻比例原则上仍存争议。 [Research purpose]After the revision in 2016,the German Federal Parliament revised the Federal Intelligence Agency Act again in March 2021.It takes a completely different stance from the United States regarding the collection of foreign intelligence by intelligence agencies.Studying the new developments in German Federal Intelligence Agency's outside communication strategic surveillance and its oversight mechanism can help grasp the latest trends in mass intelligence surveillance and oversight constraints outside the region.[Research method]The research systematically sorts out the outside communication strategic surveillance and its oversight mechanism through comparative analysis and normative analysis,conducts a comprehensive evaluation of the new progress of the system through rational thinking methods.[Research conclusion]The revised Federal Intelligence Agency Act in 2021 is based on the extraterritorial effects of the Basic Law,and reconstructs the outside communication strategic surveillance system from aspects such as monitoring purposes,specific reasons,prior approval,processing and retention of collected data,special data protection,and supervision mechanisms.The differentiated legislation based on the extraterritorial effects of the Basic Law has legitimacy and rationality.However,there are still controversies regarding the implementation of proportional principles in systems such as suitability tests and volume limitation.

作者吴常青 Wu Changqing(Law School,Tianjin University of Commerce,Tianjin 300134)

机构地区天津商业大学法学院

出处《情报杂志》 CSSCI 北大核心 2024年第5期40-46,共7页 Journal of Intelligence

基金国家社会科学基金项目“情报治理体系和治理能力现代化视域下大规模情报监控监督制约问题研究”(编号:20BTQ057)研究成果。

关键词《联邦情报局法》境外通讯战略性监控情报监控监督机制域外效力德国 Federal Intelligence Agency Act outside communication strategic surveillance intelligence surveillance oversight mechanism extraterritorial effect German

分类号 D971 [政治法律—法学]