摘要
碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)以其轻质高强、可设计性强等优势已成为航空航天领域不可或缺的关键材料之一。为满足制造装备的要求,需对一体成型的CFRP构件进行二次加工,然而CFRP非均质、各向异性、层合结构等特征使其在加工过程中易出现分层、毛刺、热影响区较大等缺陷。概述了CFRP各种加工方法的研究进展,对比分析了CFRP不同加工方法的优缺点,从方法、工艺及机理层面介绍了激光加工CFRP的研究现状,总结了CFRP在航空航天领域中的应用,分析讨论了CFRP激光加工当前面临的挑战和今后的研究重点。
Significance With the development of aerospace devices with a larger size,higher load bearing capacity,and longer life,lightweight structures with high stiffness have become basic requirements in the design and manufacture of aircraft,rockets,satellites,and other aerospace products.Carbon-fiber-reinforced composites combine the advantages of a carbon-fiber-reinforced phase and polymer-matrix phase,including a light weight,high specific strength,corrosion resistance,strong designability,and other outstanding advantages,which give them a wide range of application prospects in the aerospace field,showing great potential for development.However,in the processing and manufacture of aerospace equipment,a molding process is used to form carbon-fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP)parts as a single piece,which makes it difficult to meet the part assembly needs.Thus,a large number of cutting,drilling,trimming,and other processes are required before the actual final assembly.At present,the most commonly used processing methods for carbon-fiber-reinforced composite materials include traditional machining,ultrasonic-vibration-assisted machining,water-jet machining,electric-discharge machining,and laser processing.However,the characteristics of CFRP,such as its heterogeneity,anisotropy,and lamination structure,make it prone to processing defects such as delamination,burrs,tearing,and heat-affected zones(HAZs)during processing,which greatly affect the load-bearing performances of CFRP parts and typically make CFRP a difficult material to process.Laser processing is a flexible and controllable manufacturing method that eliminates the problems of tool wear and mechanical stress.It is expected to become an effective means of processing CFRP with little damage and high efficiency.However,CFRP components have different thermodynamic properties,and it is easy to produce a large HAZ during laser processing.It is necessary to comprehensively consider the change in the energy absorption of the material with temperature.Otherwise,the high-qual
作者
李欣
宋绮梦
张学强
王少乾
张开虎
Li Xin;Song Qimeng;Zhang Xueqiang;Wang Shaoqian;Zhang Kaihu(Laser Micro/Nana Fabrication Laboratory,School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;Beijing Spacecrafts,China Academy of Space Technology,Beijing 100094,China)
出处
《中国激光》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期1-22,共22页
Chinese Journal of Lasers
基金
国家自然科学基金航天联合基金(U2037205)。
关键词
激光技术
碳纤维增强复合材料
加工工艺
超快激光
航空航天
laser technique
carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites
processing technology
ultrafast laser
aerospace
