美国对华科技竞争:国会的角色及其影响被引量：1

America's Science and Technology Competition with China:the Role of Congress and Its Implications

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摘要大国竞争时代,国会走上了美国对华政策的前台,在美国对华科技竞争中扮演着复合型角色。国会是美国对华科技竞争叙事的构建者,对华科技竞争体系的设计者,对华科技竞争战略实施的保障者。介入姿态的积极主动、介入内容的广泛、两党持有共识、与行政部门有良好的合作与协调关系是国会介入美国对华科技竞争所表现出的主要特征。战略层面的新兴与关键技术的重要性、美国国内对华竞争共识的形成,国会内部的专门委员会与核心“鹰派”议员的推动以及院外利益集团的施压是促使国会介入美国对华科技竞争的主要原因。国会介入美国对华科技竞争不仅会改变美国对华科技政策的决策环境、推动美国对华科技竞争的长期化与制度化、增加中国应对美国对华科技竞争的复杂性与困难度,而且还可能促使形成国会与行政部门在对华政策互动上的新常态。 In the era of great power competition,Congress has come to the forefront of the U.S.policy toward China,and plays an important role in the U.S.science and technology competition toward China.Congress is the builder of the narrative of American science and technology competition with China,the designer of science and technology competition system with China,and the guarantor of the implementation of science and technology competition strategy with China.The main features of Congress' intervention in the science and technology competition between the U.S.and China are active attitude,extensive content of intervention,consensus held by both parties and good cooperation and coordination with the executive branch.The significance of emerging and critical technologies at the strategic level,the formation of domestic consensus on competition with China,the advocacy of specialized committees within Congress,the influence of core hawkish legislators,and the pressure exerted by external interest groups are the primary factors driving Congress to engage in U.S.-China science and technology competition.Congressional intervention in U.S.-China science and technology competition not only alters the decision-making environment of U.S.science and technology policy towards China but also propels the prolonged institutionalization of science and technology competition and increases the complexity and difficulty of China s response to U.S.science and technology competition.Moreover,it may lead to the establishment of a new normal in the interaction between Congress and executive departments in shaping policies towards China.

作者丁思齐白语诺 Ding Siqi;Bai Yunuo(School of History,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区浙江大学历史学院

出处《中国科技论坛》 CSSCI 北大核心 2024年第4期169-178,共10页 Forum on Science and Technology in China

基金国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项“战后美国科技创新体系形成、走势及启示研究”(23VLS030)。

关键词大国竞争科技竞争美国国会府会合作竞争共识 Great power competition Science and technology competition U.S.Congress Cooperation between government and congress Competition consensus

分类号 D815 [政治法律—国际关系]