摘要
置盐定理是西方理论界否定一般利润率趋向下降规律的集中代表。本文从置盐定理运用的转形体系和成本准则出发,在n部门经济下考察了转形体系切换时置盐定理的稳健性,以及考虑部门内竞争时定理中成本准则的适用性。研究发现,以价值转形B体系框架下建立的新生产价格体系为研究基准,即使实际工资不变,技术变革仍可能导致一般利润率下降,因此置盐定理的结论不具有稳健性。同时,在《资本论》第三卷着力阐述的部门内竞争确立市场价值的研究视角下,资本家的技术选择将遵循具有确切微观基础的、以部门平均技术为基准的“马克思的成本准则”,这一技术选择标准在部门中只有个别资本家掌握新技术时趋近于生产率准则,而只在全体资本家同步掌握新技术这一不现实的极端特殊情形下才退化为置盐的成本准则。总之,置盐定理不仅存在着稳健性问题,还将随着《资本论》研究传统下定理的基本假设不再适用而失效,围绕置盐定理展开的对一般利润率趋向下降规律的质疑与否定理应告一段落。
The Okishio theorem is a central representation of the denial of the Law of Diminishing Rate of Profit(LDRP)in the Western academia.Because of its rigorousness in mathematical structure,the Okishio theorem has not only been widely accepted in Western academia but has also influenced the domestic Marxist camp so that there is a theoretic tendency of reconciling the theorem and Marxist economics.Then,is Okishio theorem truly flawless?Can it be refuted within a comparable analytical framework?With these questions in mind,we deconstructed and reexamined the Okishio theorem in this paper.The Okishio theorem involves two fundamental assumptions:the transformation system,known as the“A system”and the“cost criterion”which assumes that capitalists make their technological decisions based on costs comparison.This paper focuses on these two aspects in the reexamination of the theorem.Firstly,while not denying the validity of its transformation system,this paper points out that after a century of debate,an alternative“B system”has emerged that differs from the system in Okishio theorem.By adopting this alternative system’s proposition,which replaces the traditional wage equation in the production price system with the condition of“unchanged exploitation rate,”the conclusion that a technological change must inevitably lead to an increase in general profit rate no longer holds,even if real wages remain constant.This paper presents a counterexample to illustrate this point,and thus confirms an important fact:the conclusion of Okishio theorem is not robust and depends on specific transformation structures.Secondly,this paper acknowledges the emphasis placed by the Okishio theorem on the cost criterion,wherein capitalists’technological choices are based on costs rather than productivity.However,the cost criterion constructed by Okishio is partial as it overlooks the fact of“intra-sector competition”in a market economy and deviates from the research tradition of Capital.By overcoming these research limitati
作者
王庚
刘向东
WANG Geng;LIU Xiangdong(Nanjing Audit University,211815;Renmin University of China,100872)
出处
《财贸经济》
北大核心
2024年第3期144-163,共20页
Finance & Trade Economics
关键词
置盐定理
转形体系
成本准则
一般利润率下降
Okishio Theorem
Transformation System
Cost Criterion
Falling Rate of Profit
