摘要
2022年在海南无核荔枝上发现一种僵果病,与海南常见的荔枝病害炭疽病、酸腐病等病症差别明显,主要为害幼果,发病时幼果果实外观无明显变化,但无核荔枝完成疏果后,果实长至蚕豆大小时,发病果实的外果皮颜色变暗,剖开后内果皮发生不规则褐变,果实不再膨大,形成僵果,易造成严重的经济损失。本研究对该病害的病原菌进行分离和鉴定,对入侵途径和快速检测技术进行研究。结果表明:通过形态学鉴定、ITS、RBP2和TEF1基因序列分析,鉴定引起无核荔枝新型僵果病的病原菌为伯氏镰刀菌(Fusarium pernambucanum)。无核荔枝幼果期果实果皮受农事操作、风、刺吸性昆虫为害等损伤后,易受到病原菌的入侵发病,而果实表面无伤口时不发病。病原菌入侵主要集中在果实纵经3.2~4.8 mm的幼果期,随着果实的生长、果皮保护组织的增加和伤口的减少,病原菌难以入侵,果实发病率快速降低。基于TUB基因序列,以伯氏镰刀菌及其他分离获得的镰刀菌属菌株基因组DNA为模板进行扩增测序,根据序列信息设计筛选出一对伯氏镰刀菌的特异性引物,构建了基于普通PCR的快速高效分子检测方法,该检测方法灵敏、高效,可用于指导无核荔枝僵果病的早期诊断与预防。
In 2022,a stiff fruit disease was found on seedless litchi in Hainan,which was obviously different from the common litchi diseases in Hainan,such as anthracnose and acid rot.It mainly damaged young fruits.There was no significant change in the appearance of young fruits when the disease occurred.When the fruit was broad bean,the outer peel of the diseased fruit became darker,and the inner peel became irregularly brown after dissection.The fruit no longer expanded,forming fleshless stiff fruit,which was easy to cause serious economic losses.In this study,the pathogen of the disease was isolated,identified,invasion way and rapid detection techniques were studied.The pathogen was identified as Fusarium pernambucanum by morphological identification,ITS,RPB2 and TEF1 gene sequence analysis.The pericarp of seedless litchi fruit at young fruit stage was susceptible to pathogen invasion after being damaged by farming operations,wind,piercing-sucking insects,while the fruit surface was not diseased without wounds.The main invasion period of the pathogen was 3.2-4.8 mm in the longitudinal direction of the fruit.After the fruit was bigger than 9.8 mm,the probability of pathogen invasion gradually decreased.Based on the TUB gene sequence,the specific primers for rapid detection of F.pernambucanum were obtained,and a rapid and efficient molecular detection method based on ordinary PCR was constructed.The detection method is sensitive and efficient,and would provide support for early diagnosis and prevention of seedless litchi stiff fruit disease.
作者
王伟博
李松刚
胡美姣
曹学仁
李敏
李焕苓
李芳
高兆银
WANG Weibo;LI Songgang;HU Meijiao;CAO Xueren;LI Min;LI Huanling;LI Fang;GAO Zhaoyin(College of Plant Protection,Hainan University/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases andPests,Ministry of Education,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China;Environment and Plant Protection Institute,Chinese Academy ofTropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China)
出处
《热带作物学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第3期602-608,共7页
Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(No.2020YFD10001003)
海南省自然科学基金引进人才项目(No.2019RC272)
国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(No.CARS-32-20)。
关键词
无核荔枝
僵果病
病原菌
鉴定
检测
seedless litchi
fruit mummy
pathogen
identification
detection
