摘要
神秘无比的虚无主义幽灵在西方世界至少显现过五类面孔,它们对西方思想、历史、社会与个体都产生了重要影响。作为否定哲学的虚无主义长期主宰着西方话语实践,导致各种意识形态的相互攻讦,造成他者的缺席和沉默;作为思想运动的虚无主义贯穿着西方现代性历史,把西方文明带向了各种危险的境地,如生命的颓废、对存在的彻底遗忘和大屠杀等;作为心理状态的虚无主义禁锢着西方个体的生命态度和行动意志,让导致这种虚无主义的社会体制日益僵化;作为对抗力量的虚无主义仅仅依赖于西方个体的自我依靠与自我克服,反而进一步导致虚无主义体制的永恒化;作为自否定哲学的虚无主义不再总是以唯一的真理自居,不再总是否定他者存在的权利,而是懂得尊重他者的他异性,从而有利于世界的多元与和谐。
The uncanniest specter of nihilism manifests itself in at least five facets that have been seriously influencing Western thoughts,history,society,and individuals.Nihilism as a negative philosophy has long dominated Western discourse practices,leading to ideological attacks against each other and the absence and silence of the others;Nihilism as an ideological movement permeates the history of Western modernity,driving Western civilization towards various dangerous situations,such as the decadence of life,the utter forgetfulness of Being,and the Holocaust;Nihilism as a mental state imprisons the life attitudes and the will to act of Western individuals,causing the social systems that lead to this form of nihilism to become increasingly rigid;Nihilism as a force of opposition relies solely on the self-reliance and self-overcoming of Western individuals,which,paradoxically,leads to the perpetuation of the nihilistic system;and Nihilism as a self-negating philosophy no longer always claims to be the sole truth or denies the rights of others to exist but learns to respect the otherness of others,thereby fostering a world of plurality and harmony.
作者
张红军
ZHANG Hongjun(School of Philosophy and Social Development,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China)
出处
《烟台大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2024年第2期56-66,共11页
Journal of Yantai University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)
关键词
虚无主义
否定哲学
思想运动
心理状态
对抗力量
自否定哲学
nihilism
negative philosophy
ideological movement
mental state
force of opposition
self-negating philosophy
