摘要
作为中国早期木刻的精神导师,鲁迅对于木刻青年的指导强调写实与素描,但木刻家们的创作却倾向于表现风格。这与作为译介者的鲁迅不无关系:他编选出版的版画集以表现主义风格为主,对木刻家形成了潜在的影响。鲁迅强调写实是出于科学、民主、启蒙等功利目的,而他本心却对富于主观意志与激情的表现主义美术称心喜欢。但他对表现主义的赞赏是有限度的,这便是具有一定的写实基础,而对于完全脱离了客观物象、任意解构的艺术,他则坚决反对。因此,鲁迅关于木刻的艺术观可说是基于写实的表现主义,内在的是革命现实主义的精神内核。受他指导的中国早期木刻,一方面吸取了珂勒惠支、苏联版画的现实主义精神,另一方面汲取了其中的表现性技法、语言及西欧现代派艺术的营养,在思想内涵的深化和艺术本体意识的增强中进行着相对独立的艺术表达,创作出中国现代艺术史上独特的绘画样式。
As a spiritual mentor of early Chinese woodcut,Lu Xun's guidance for woodcut youth emphasized realism and sketch,but the creation of woodcut artists tended to be expressive.This was not unrelated to Lu Xun,who played the role of a translator:the print collections he compiled and published were dominated by expressionist style,which had a potential impact on woodcut painters.Lu Xun emphasized that realism was for utilitarian purposes such as science,democracy,and enlightenment,while his heart was pleased with the expressionist art rich in subjective will and passion.However,his appreciation of expressionism was limited,which was a certain realistic basis.For the art that was completely divorced from objective objects and arbitrary deconstruction,he firmly opposed it.Therefore,his view of woodcut art can be said to be expressionism on the basis of realism,with the spiritual core of revolutionary realism.The early Chinese woodcut guided by him,on the one hand,absorbed the realism spirit of K.Kollwitz and the Soviet prints,on the other hand,absorbed the expressive techniques,language and the nutrition of western European modernist art,carried out relatively independent artistic expression in the deepening of ideological connotation and the enhancement of artistic ontology consciousness,and created a unique painting style in the history of modern Chinese art.
作者
蒋霞
JIANG Xia(School of Tourism and Media,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China)
出处
《武汉理工大学学报（社会科学版）》
2024年第1期105-114,共10页
Journal of Wuhan University of Technology:Social Sciences Edition
基金
重庆市教委人文社科项目“中国现代文学家跨界美术领域现象研究”(22SKGH177)。
关键词
鲁迅
写实
表现主义
革命现实主义
木刻艺术观
Lu Xun
realism
expressionism
revolutionary realism
view of woodcut art
